学位论文 > 优秀研究生学位论文题录展示

语用学视角下的英语一般疑问句及其答语的研究

作　者: 吴会娟
导　师: 郑志进
学　校: 贵州师范大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 一般疑问句答语语用功能合作原则面子理论关联理论
分类号: H313
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2009年
下　载: 161次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

一般疑问句是英语口语中很常见的一种语言现象。它虽然形式简洁但语用功能复杂。一般疑问句一般不仅仅提出疑问,而且在一定语境中具有很多语用功能。近年来,对语用理论研究、句法研究受到许多语言学家的关注,但迄今为止把语用理论与一般疑问句结合的综合研究却很少。在言语交际中,英语学习者由于不能确切地理解这种句型在一定语境中的实际意义而很多理解上的问题。基于以上原因,针对一般疑问句在不同语境中的语用功能进行一次全面地分析就很有必要。目前,已经有很多有关一般疑问句的句法、语义以及语用等方面的研究,然而,我们认为仍然有必要采用一种更可行的研究途径来分析阐释这一语言现象。本研究以合作原则,面子理论及关联理论为理论框架,旨在较全面地分析一般疑问句的交际功能以及探讨其在交际中关联性特点。本文采用定性方法对书面和口头语料进行了分析。这些语料主要来自于《新概念英语2》,美国当代英语语料库以及其他语言学文献。在理论和语料的双重驱动下,本研究通过对语料的详细分析取得了一些研究成果。研究发现,从合作原则及面子理论的视角看,一般疑问句除了探索信息外,在一定的语境中还用来作为缓和面子威胁行为以及表达礼貌的言语策略,例如:一般疑问句可用于缓和祈使语气,表达批评,提建议。此外,一般疑问句在选择话题以打破交际中冷场方面发挥着重要的作用。通过对语料的分析,该研究归纳出一般疑问句答语的五种语用功能,即:提供信息;解释原因;表达不同意;展示拒绝及表露不合作意愿。该研究还发现,一般疑问句语调除了表达疑问之外,在表达话语意思方面同样发挥了重要的作用,即:不同的语调表达不同的话语意思。一般疑问句中重音的位置也影响着对说话者交际意图的理解。此研究还尝试用关联理论分析一般疑问句及其答语的产生及理解的认知过程。一般疑问句及其答语的产生及其理解也是一个追求关联的过程。说话者通过一般疑问句及其答语来表达并传递自己的意图。在此过程中,说话者必须确保所说的一般疑问和答语有足够的关联性,以便吸引听者的注意从而使听者以最小的努力达到正确理解一般疑问和答语的目的。听者根据自己的认知语境解码并且推断出一般疑问句及答语中最有关联性信息。在推断话语的产生和理解过程中,交际双方对认知语境的正确评估以及双方享有的知识对一般疑问句及其答的理解发挥着重要作用。

全文目录

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  3-4
ABSTRACT(ENGLISH)  4-6
ABSTRACT(CHINESE)  6-8
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  8-13
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  13-18
  1.1 The rationale of the study  13-14
  1.2 The objectives of the study and research questions  14-15
  1.3 Methodology and data collection  15-16
  1.4 Definition of the terms in the study  16-17
  1.5 The organization of the thesis  17-18
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW  18-33
  2.1 Introduction  18
  2.2 Studies on questions  18-21
    2.2.1 Grammarians' categories of questions  18-19
    2.2.2 Classification of questions according to different responses  19-20
    2.2.3 Closed questions and open questions  20-21
  2.3 Studies on answers  21-24
    2.3.1 Kiefer's study on answers  21-23
    2.3.2 Grewendorf's study on answers  23
    2.3.3 Stenstrom's study on answers  23-24
  2.4 Studies on general questions  24-31
    2.4.1 Pragmatic studies on general questions and their answers  24-29
      2.4.1.1 General questions and speech acts  24-26
      2.4.1.2 Conducive yes/no questions  26-27
      2.4.1.3 Direct and indirect answers  27-28
      2.4.1.4 Preferred answers and dispreferred answers  28-29
    2.4.2 Syntactic studies on general questions  29-30
    2.4.3 Semantic studies on general questions  30-31
  2.5 Summary  31-33
CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY  33-45
  3.1 Introduction  33
  3.2 Grice's CP  33-37
    3.2.1 The maxims of the CP  33-34
    3.2.2 Flouting of the maxims and the occurrence of conversational implicature  34-37
      3.2.2.1 Flouting the maxim of quantity  35-36
      3.2.2.2 Flouting the maxim of quality  36
      3.2.2.3 Flouting the maxim of relevance  36-37
      3.2.2.4 Flouting the maxim of manner  37
  3.3 Brown and Levinson's Face Theory  37-40
    3.3.1 Notion of face and FTAs  38
    3.3.2 Strategies to avoid or mitigate the degree of face threats  38-40
  3.4 Sperber and Wilson's RT  40-44
    3.4.1 Ostensive-inferential communication  40-41
    3.4.2 Principle of relevance  41-42
    3.4.3 Mutual cognitive environments  42-43
    3.4.4 Relevance,contextual effect and processing effort  43-44
  3.5 Summary  44-45
CHAPTER FOUR AN ANALYSIS OF PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF ENGLISH GENERAL QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS  45-69
  4.1 Introduction  45
  4.2 Pragmatic functions performed by general questions  45-55
    4.2.1 Seeking information  46-48
    4.2.2 Softening imperative force  48-50
    4.2.3 Making criticism  50-52
    4.2.4 Eliciting topics  52-54
    4.2.5 Making suggestions  54-55
  4.3 Pragmatic functions performed by the answers to general questions  55-64
    4.3.1 Providing information  56-57
    4.3.2 Explaining reasons  57-60
    4.3.3 Showing non-cooperation  60-61
    4.3.4 Expressing disagreement  61-62
    4.3.5 Expressing refusal  62-64
  4.4 Pragmatic functions of general question intonations in communication  64-68
    4.4.1 Intonation and its importance in communication  64-65
    4.4.2 Intonation and pragmatics  65
    4.4.3 Analysis of pragmatic functions of general question intonations  65-68
      4.4.3.1 Different intonations playing different pragmatic functions  66-67
      4.4.3.2 The stress influencing the understanding of the utterance meaning  67-68
  4.5 Summary  68-69
CHAPTER FIVE AN ANALYSIS OF GENERAL QUESTIONS AND THEIR ANSWERS FROM COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE  69-84
  5.1 Introduction  69
  5.2 Production and comprehension of general questions and their answers  69-71
  5.3 Cognitive-pragmatic interpretation of general questions and their answers  71-82
    5.3.1 The ostensive intentions coded in general questions and their answers  72-74
    5.3.2 Application of inference to interpretation of general questions and their answers  74-76
    5.3.3 Optimal relevance for verbal interactions  76-79
    5.3.4 Mutual knowledge for communicative environments  79-80
    5.3.5 Contextual effect influncing the interpretation of general questions and their answers  80-82
  5.4 Summary  82-84
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION  84-89
  6.1 Introduction  84
  6.2 Summary of the major findings  84-85
  6.3 Implications of the study  85-86
  6.4 Limitations of the study  86-87
  6.5 Suggestions for future research  87-89
REFERENCES  89-93

语用学视角下的英语一般疑问句及其答语的研究

内容摘要

全文目录

相似论文