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中国入世后贸易与环境协调发展的对策建议

作　者: 朱海蓉
导　师: 车丽娟
学　校: 东北财经大学
专　业: 国际贸易学
关键词: 环境条款绿色壁垒透明度要求可持续发展
分类号: F752
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2006年
下　载: 294次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

随着经济全球化趋势的不断加强，世界各国经济交往愈加紧密。2001年中国加入WTO，标志着中国进一步融入经济全球化潮流，对外开放进入了一个崭新的阶段。入世后开放的市场以及贸易结构和数量的转变将深刻地影响中国经济。随着国际市场上绿色消费主义的兴起和“绿色壁垒”的出现，入世对中国环境方面的影响也同样深远。如何协调经济发展、贸易自由化和环境保护的关系成为当前中国实现可持续发展所面临的最大挑战。早在70年代，中国就对环境问题给予了充分重视。随着70年代末改革开放政策的实施，中国签订或认可了许多关于环境问题的国际条约。伴随着中国二十年来经济的高速发展和工业化，环境问题日益恶化。现在中国已经成为世界被污染最严重的国家之一，也是仅次于美国的世界第二大温室效应气体的制造者。如何在环境保护和高速经济增长中寻求平衡将对中国的现代化建设和国际声望产生重要影响。对于中国作为WTO成员所带来的环境方面的影响和挑战有一个确切的了解，不但有助于发掘解决与环境有关的贸易问题所需的解决方案，而且有利于中国在多边贸易体制中为自己合理地定位。本文旨在为中国在入世的后过渡期内更好地协调贸易与环境发展提出笔者的一些看法和对策建议。本文共分为五个部分：第一部分简要介绍了我国贸易与环境协调发展问题产生的背景。第二部分介绍了WTO体系下的贸易与环境议题，列举了WTO协议中的环境条款，分析了贸易发展与环境保护的关系。第三部分详述了中国作为一个WTO成员，所面临的与环境有关的贸易问题，包括国际市场上绿色消费主义的兴起，环境标准与法规的透明度要求，日益增长的外国投资所带来的环境问题，以及增加资源基础性产品进口对环境所带来的影响。第四部分根据WTO的相关规则，对中国在WTO后过渡时期内贸易与环境的协调发展提出了相应的对策建议，包括确立外贸的可持续发展战略，完善环保法规与环境标准认证体系，提高中国出口企业的竞争力，调整利用外资的发展战略，合理利用WTO框架下的环保措施和规则，以及加强在环保领域的国际合作等。第五部分是全文的结束语。

全文目录

ABSTRACT  3-5
内容摘要  5-10
I Introduction  10-14
II Trade and Environment Issues in the WTO  14-34
  2.1 Brief History of Trade and Environment Debate  14-18
    2.1.1 The Emergence of the Debate during GATT  15
    2.1.2 Development in Trade and Environment Issues  15-17
    2.1.3 Trade and Environment in the WTO  17-18
  2.2 Environmental Provisions in the WTO Agreements  18-25
  2.3 Doha Round on Trade and Environment  25-29
    2.3.1 The Relationship between WTO Rules and MEAs  26-27
    2.3.2 Information Exchange and Observer Status  27
    2.3.3 Environmental Goods and Services  27-28
    2.3.4 Environmental Measures and Market Access  28-29
  2.4 Conflict and Interaction between Trade and Environment  29-34
    2.4.1 Origin of Conflict  29-30
    2.4.2 General Context between Trade and Environment  30-34
III Environment-Related Trade Issues after China's WTO Accession  34-57
  3.1 Green Consumerism and "Green Barrier"  34-38
    3.1.1 The Emergence of Green Consumerism  34-36
    3.1.2 The Impact of "Green Barriers"  36-38
  3.2 Publication of Environmental Laws and Standards  38-40
    3.2.1 Relevant WTO Requirements  39
    3.2.2 Adjustment of China  39-40
  3.3 Increased FDI Inflows and Sustainable Development  40-47
    3.3.1 FDI and China's Economic Development  41-43
    3.3.2 Environmental Issues Related to FDI  43-46
    3.3.3 Increased FDI Inflow in the Post-WTO Era  46-47
  3.4 Increased Imports of Resource-Based Products  47-54
    3.4.1 Timber Imports  47-50
    3.4.2 Energy Imports  50-52
    3.4.3 Imports of Agricultural Products  52-54
  3.5 Trade and Environmental Policies  54-57
    3.5.1 TBT and SPS  54-55
    3.5.2 Environmental Regulations and Standards  55-57
IV Recommendations for the Coordination between Trade Development and Environmental Protection of China as a WTO Member  57-84
  4.1 Formulating a Sustainable Development Strategy for Foreign Trade  57-63
    4.1.1 Guiding Principle  58-59
    4.1.2 Adjustment of Foreign Trade Policy  59-63
  4.2 Adjusting Environmental Policy and Regulations  63-67
    4.2.1 Embodying China's Obligations under WTO  63-65
    4.2.2 Appropriately Adopting Environmental Measures of WTO  65-66
    4.2.3 Environmental Impacts Caused by Trade Policy Direction  66
    4.2.4 Environmental Cost Internalization  66-67
  4.3 Improving Environmental Standardization and Certification Program  67-71
    4.3.1 Upgrading Environmental Standards  67-68
    4.3.2 Strengthening Eco-Labeling Program  68-69
    4.3.3 Improving ISO14000 Certification  69-71
  4.4 Enhancing the Competitive Position of Chinese Enterprises  71-73
    4.4.1 Adapting to the Changing International Market  71-72
    4.4.2 Improving Information Accessibility  72
    4.4.3 Strengthening Environmental Awareness  72-73
  4.5 Conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment of WTO Accession  73-76
    4.5.1 Properly Defining the Assessment Scope  73-74
    4.5.2 Adopting Suitable Analysis Approaches and Indicators  74-75
    4.5.3 Providing a Legal Basis for Assessments  75
    4.5.4 Implementation of Assessments  75-76
  4.6 Establishing a New Development Strategy Utilizing FDI  76-80
    4.6.1 The Existing Strategy for Utilizing FDI  77
    4.6.2 Adjusting Policy and Regulations for Attracting FDI  77-79
    4.6.3 Guiding FDI to Serve for the Sustainable Development  79-80
  4.7 Utilizing Dispute-Settlement Mechanism of WTO  80
  4.8 Strengthening International Exchange and Cooperation  80-82
  4.9 Actively Participating in the New Round Negotiations on Trade and Environment  82-84
V Conclusion  84-86
REFERENCES  86-89
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  89-90

中国入世后贸易与环境协调发展的对策建议

内容摘要

全文目录

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