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英汉语空语类的句法和认知研究

作　者: 曹倩
导　师: 秦裕祥
学　校: 湖南师范大学
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 英汉语空语类句法研究认知研究空语类理论关联理论
分类号: H314
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2009年
下　载: 76次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

本文以乔姆斯基的“空语类理论”以及Sperber和Wilson的“关联理论”为理论依据,对汉英语中的空语类进行了句法和认知研究。空语类是指存在于人类语言的深层结构中但在表层结构没有语音表现的一类名词性词语或短语。自从20世纪80年代乔姆斯基提出管辖与约束理论以来,各种语言的各类空语类现象一直以来是各国语言学家讨论的热点。各种语言的各类空语类的研究能帮助我们了解自然语言的结构和语义规律。文章首先以乔姆斯基的空范畴理论为基础,通过客观的综述性评价比较了汉英语中空语类的分类和形成方面的异同。为了深入探悉二者间异同,本文选择了汉英语所共有的蕴涵空语类的句法结构进行研究。在分析这些句法结构产生方式和内在特点的基础上,对汉英语空语类的异同做出了具体的比较分析。然后,文章以Sperber和Wilson的关联理论为指导,对汉英语空语类在分类及形成方面的异同进行了认知解释。本文指出,根据乔姆斯基的“空语类理论”,NP-语迹和变量是由移位形成的,而PRO和pro则由词汇直接生成。然而,从关联理论的角度去观察,以上四种空语类皆是在一定语境下通过人的推理产生的。英语中不存在pro现象,而汉语中的空语类现象较为少见,这些差异是由关联程度不同造成的。从整体上看,汉英语的空语类并不存在本质区别。本文对汉英空语类异同的句法和认知研究,对二语习得和汉英互译具有一定的参考价值。

全文目录

Abstract  4-6
摘要  6-10
Introduction  10-14
  0.1 Background of the Study  10-11
  0.2 Aims of the Study  11-12
  0.3 Organization of the Thesis  12-14
Chapter 1 Literature Review  14-24
  1.1 Previous Studies on Empty Categories  14-20
    1.1.1 Chomsky's Theory  14-15
    1.1.2 William and Bresnan's Theory on PRO  15-16
    1.1.3 Xu Liejiong's Studies on Chinese Empty Categories  16-18
    1.1.4 Huang Zhengde's Studies on Empty Categories  18-19
    1.1.5 Shen Yang's Studies on Empty Categories  19-20
  1.2 Comments on the Previous Studies on Empty Categories  20-24
Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations  24-46
  2.1 The Empty Category Theory  24-38
    2.1.1 The Binding Theory  24-27
    2.1.2 The Empty Category  27-32
    2.1.3 The Pro-Drop Parameter  32-33
    2.1.4 Chomsky's Classification of Empty Categories  33-38
      2.1.4.1 NP-trace  34-35
      2.1.4.2 PRO  35-36
      2.1.4.3 pro  36-37
      2.1.4.4 Variable  37-38
  2.2 The Relevance Theory  38-44
    2.2.1 Cognitive Context  40-41
    2.2.2 Ostensive-inferential Communication  41-42
    2.2.3 Optimal Relevance  42-43
    2.2.4 Principle of Economy  43-44
  2.3 Summary  44-46
Chapter 3 A Syntactic Study of Chinese and English Empty Categories  46-60
  3.1 A Syntactic Study of the Classification of Chinese and English Empty Categories  46-51
    3.1.1 NP-trace in Chinese and English  46-48
      3.1.1.1 NP-trace in Passive Sentences  47
      3.1.1.2 NP-trace in Raising Constructions  47-48
        3.1.1.2.1 NP-trace in Constructions with Raising Verbs  47-48
        3.1.1.2.2 NP-trace in Constructions with Raising Adjectives  48
    3.1.2 Variable in Chinese and English  48-49
    3.1.3 PRO in Chinese and English  49-51
    3.1.4 Pro in Chinese  51
  3.2 A Syntactic Study of the Generation of Chinese and English Empty Categories  51-60
    3.2.1 Generation of NP-trace in Chinese and English  52-56
      3.2.1.1 Generation of NP-trace in Passive Sentences  52-53
      3.2.1.2 Generation of NP-trace in Raising Constructions  53-56
        3.2.1.2.1 Generation of NP-trace in Raising Constructions with Raising Verbs  53-54
        3.2.1.2.2 Generation of NP-trace in Raising Constructions with Raising Adjectives  54-56
    3.2.2 Generation of Variable in Chinese and English  56-57
    3.2.3 Generation of PRO in Chinese and English  57-58
    3.2.4 Generation of pro in Chinese  58
    3.2.5 Summary  58-60
Chapter 4 A Cognitive Account of Chinese and English Empty Categories  60-80
  4.1 A Cognitive Account of the Similarities between Chinese and English Empty Categories  62-73
    4.1.1 Contextual Assumptions and the Generation of ECs  62-66
    4.1.2 Inference and the Generation of PRO  66-69
    4.1.3 Processing Effort and the Generation of ECs  69-71
    4.1.4 Principle of Economy and the Generation of ECs  71-73
  4.2 A Cognitive Account of the Differences between Chinese and English Empty Categories  73-79
    4.2.1 Contextual Effects and the Fewer Phenomenon of ECs in Chinese  75-76
    4.2.2 Processing Effort and the Lack of pro in English  76-79
  4.3 Summary  79-80
Conclusion  80-84
Bibliography  84-88
Acknowledgements  88-90

英汉语空语类的句法和认知研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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