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多边发展银行的改革研究：经验及教训

作　者: 杰罗姆·贝恩特
导　师: 何茂春
学　校: 清华大学
专　业: 政治学
关键词: 多边发展银行改革发展银行多边发展金融国际组织
分类号: F830.3
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2012年
下　载: 13次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

二战后，多边发展银行旨在重建和发展战后世界和区域经济。当今五个主要多边发展银行是：世界银行、非洲发展银行、亚洲发展银行、美洲发展银行与欧洲重建和发展银行。这五家银行如今的使命和重点是通过经济的发展来消除贫困，促进社会发展和进步。本文主要讲述多边发展银行在金融发展、途径、竞争及改革等领域起到的关键作用。本研究使用了大量广泛的学术文献，包括关于多边发展银行及其改革，相关杂志文章和多边发展银行本身的权威著作学术书籍。通过阅鉴过去十几年及最新的学术资源及材料，从而使得我们看到多边发展银行在一定历史时间边框及背景下进行的改革比较。此外，通过对北京政界要人的采访，获悉权威外交观点及政治论证见解。本文的研究假设是，多边发展银行在过去及将来已经并继续在全球范围内发展做出巨大贡献，但不是一切都很顺利，改革仍显不足。相比而言如今的多边发展银行比过去定位更明确、组织管理及操作更具合理性，范围及规模覆盖更广泛。因其自身的多边架构，多边发展银行可以充当各成员国国际合作的一个平台及论坛，发挥发展催化剂的作用。然而，由于各个成员国与多边发展银行不同的合作方式，及多边发展银行自身问题，多边发展银行一些关键的特征并没有得到体现，最终影响了多边发展银行发挥其适当功用及影响力。从国际关系的视觉角度出发（互助和成员国的利益冲突），笔者将深入评论及解析这五个主要机构组织自从建立以来的最佳做法和改革中所吸取的经验，同时，通过将过去和现在已经完成及正进行的改革与在不同的时间不断变化的发展概念有机联系起来，从而为促进多边发展银行进一步改进提供有价值的见解。本文提出成员国与多边发展银行之间需要一个全新的合作模式以及必要的组织机构改革，以发挥多边发展银行金融发展中心作用，实现该机构最终关乎人类经济繁荣的愿景及使命，包括消除贫困及确保每一个人都能够有尊严地生活。

全文目录

摘要  4-5
Abstract  5-8
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION  8-19
  1.1 Literature Review  9-14
  1.2 Hypothesis  14-15
  1.3 Research Methodology and Design  15-18
  1.4 Thesis Outline  18-19
CHAPTER 2 MDBS IN DEVELOPMENT FINANCE AND IR  19-53
  2.0 Concise Overview of Development and Development Finance  19-24
  2.1 Bilateral and Multilateral Development Finance  24-26
  2.2 Commercial, Central, National and Multilateral Development Banks  26-28
  2.3 MDBs in International Relations and International Political Economy  28-33
  2.4 Synopsis of the 5 Major MDBs: Origins, Purposes, Rules and Functioning  33-51
    2.4.1 World Bank Group (IBRD, IDA, IFC, ICSID and MIGA), 1945 onwards  35-41
      2.4.1.1 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)  35-38
      2.4.1.2 International Finance Corporation (IFC)  38-39
      2.4.1.3 International Development Association (IDA)  39-40
      2.4.1.4 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)  40
      2.4.1.5 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)  40-41
    2.4.2 Inter-American Development Bank Group, IDB founded in  41-43
      2.4.2.1 Inter-American Development Bank  41-43
      2.4.2.2 Ordinary Capital Resources and Fund for Special Operations  43
    2.4.3 African Development Bank Group, AfDB established  43-46
      2.4.3.1 African Development Bank  44-45
      2.4.3.2 African Development Fund and Nigerian Trust Fund  45-46
    2.4.4 Asian Development Bank Group, ADB founded in  46-49
      2.4.4.1 Asian Development Bank  47-48
      2.4.4.2 Asian Development Fund and Technical Assistance  48-49
    2.4.5 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), since 1991  49-51
  2.5 Differentiating between MDBs and other International Organizations  51-53
CHAPTER 3 REFORMS AND PROGRESS OF MDBS: BEST PRACTICES AND LESSONS LEARNED  53-112
  3.1 Comparative MDB Reforms and their Pursued Policies: from Past to Present  54-80
    3.1.1 IBRD and post WWII Reconstruction in Europe: the 1940s and ‘50s  55-57
    3.1.2 New Regional Development Banks and Concessionary Arms: the 1960s  57-62
    3.1.3 Expanding Development Agenda during Years of Crises: the 1970s  62-66
    3.1.4 Structural Adjustment, Reaganomics and Thatcherism: the 1980s  66-72
    3.1.5 Post Cold War, Debt Relief and Poverty Reduction Renaissance: the 1990s  72-78
    3.1.6 Millennium Development Goals & Global Economic Crisis: 21stcentury  78-80
  3.2 Political Institutions with Non-Political Mandates: Shifting National Interests  80-95
    3.2.1 USA in the MDBs  82-88
    3.2.2 Other OECD Countries in the MDBs  88-91
    3.2.3 China and the MDBs  91-93
    3.2.4 The “Global South” and the MDBs  93-95
  3.3 Institutional and Organizational Reforms: Best Practices & Lessons Learned  95-109
    3.3.1 Changing MDB Membership Structure and Subscription  95-99
    3.3.2 Assessment of Evolving Missions, Visions, Scope and Operations  99-102
    3.3.3 Transformed Organizational Structures  102-104
    3.3.4 Varying Coordination and Cooperation among MDBs  104-106
    3.3.5 Reproaches and Criticisms of MDBs, including their reforms  106-109
  3.4 Successes and Problems in MDB Reforms  109-112
CHAPTER 4 THE CURRENT MDBS, REFORMS AND FUTURE STRATEGIES  112-132
  4.1 The World Bank  112-118
  4.2 The Inter-American Development Bank  118-120
  4.3 The African Development Bank  120-123
  4.4 The Asian Development Bank  123-125
  4.5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development  125-128
  4.6 Problems and Major Shortcomings in MDB Reform Strategies  128-130
  4.7 Remaining Development Challenges in the 21stcentury: agenda forthe MDBs  130-132
CHAPTER 5 FINAL CONCLUSION  132-147
  5.1 General Findings: Great Demand and Necessity for Reform  133-137
  5.2 Possible Reforms: Suggestions for MDBs and Member Countries  137-146
  5.3 Further Research  146-147
REFERENCES  147-168
  List of Books, Articles and Reports  147-164
  List of Internet Sources (Websites)  164-167
  List of Statutes  167
  List of Interviews  167-168
致谢/ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  168-170
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS  170-172
LIST OF TABLES  172
LIST OF FIGURES  172-173
RESUME  173
Concise Qualifications  173
Publications and Interviews  173-174
Civic Involvement and Honors  174

多边发展银行的改革研究：经验及教训

内容摘要

全文目录

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