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日常会话中疑问句功能的语用研究

作　者: 曹晓利
导　师: 甘世安
学　校: 西北大学
专　业: 外国语言学与应用语言学
关键词: 疑问句功能识别标记功能顺应日常会话
分类号: H030
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2008年
下　载: 194次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

近年来,作为日常会话重要组成部分的疑问句,由于其多功能性以及功能识别的复杂性,备受语言学家的关注。但大多研究的焦点是疑问句在会话组织中的功能以及在机构会话中的使用。本研究则以日常会话中的疑问句为研究对象,通过探讨疑问句功能的识别与分类,分析其使用的顺应特点,以揭示疑问句产生与理解的潜在机制。本研究以Verschueren(2000)的语言顺应论为理论基础来揭示日常会话疑问句的顺应性使用。疑问句的使用是一个选择的过程,各种相关的语言因素可以用来识别疑问句的功能。这些功能识别标记包括语音、词汇、句式、会话结构、以及答语标记。语言语境虽然具有稳定性和可控性特点,但是仅靠这些不足以完全确定疑问句的功能。通过结合语言语境与其他语境因素,结合使用者的意图,疑问句的功能可分为三大类:信息类功能、表达类功能和动作类功能。疑问句功能的实现、交际目的的完成,是语言形式和语境相互作用的结果。所以,疑问句的使用是一个语言形式顺应各种语境因素的过程。疑问句使用具有语境适应性和策略性,说话人经常依据语境情况调整自己的问句形式;使用疑问句可以实施消极礼貌策略,也可以实施积极礼貌策略。此研究的意义在于:一方面有助于更好的理解疑问句以及日常会话,另一方面帮助唤起语言使用者在使用疑问句过程中的元语用意识。疑问句可以实施多种语用功能,其功能的产生和理解是一个形式与语境动态顺应的过程。所以,语言使用者在选择和使用疑问句时应考虑语言以及语言外的诸因素,注重交际策略,更好地实现交际目的。

全文目录

Acknowledgement  4-5
Abstract in Chinese  5-6
Abstract in English  6-8
Table of Contents  8-12
Chapter 1 Introduction  12-19
  1.1 Orientation of the present study  12
  1.2 The Rationale of the present study  12-15
  1.3 Research questions  15
  1.4 Notes on methodology,terminology and data  15-17
  1.5 Organization of the study  17-19
Chapter 2 Literature Review  19-36
  2.1 Three approaches to the study of questions  19-23
    2.1.1 Syntactic approach  19-20
    2.1.2 Semantic approach  20-21
    2.1.3 Functional approach  21-23
  2.2 Classification of questions and their functions  23-26
    2.2.1 Grammarians' categories of questions  23-24
    2.2.2 Q-type questions and N-type questions  24
    2.2.3 Strong/weak interrogation and Non-interrogation  24-25
    2.2.4 Answer-,information-,action,and mental response-elicitation questions  25-26
  2.3 Mapping between functions and interrogative forms  26-32
    2.3.1 Speech acts embodied in Yes/No questions  27-28
    2.3.2 Assertion conveyed by negative interrogatives  28-29
    2.3.3 Functions of tag questions  29-30
    2.3.4 Functions of rhetorical questions  30-32
  2.4 Other aspects of question study  32-34
    2.4.1 Question study with power  32-33
    2.4.2 Question study in institutional dialogues  33-34
  2.5 Summary  34-36
Chapter 3 Theoretical framework  36-46
  3.1 Introduction  36
  3.2 A brief sketch of Verschueren's Linguistic adaptation theory  36-43
    3.2.1 Making choices  37-39
    3.2.2 Three properties of Language—variability,negotiability and adaptability  39-41
    3.2.3 Four angles of investigation—context,structure,dynamics and salience  41-43
  3.3 Adaptation theory applied in the present study  43-46
Chapter 4 Identification Markers of Question Functions  46-62
  4.1.Phonological markers  46-49
    4.1.1 Stress  47-48
    4.1.2 Intonation  48-49
  4.2 Lexical markers.  49-54
    4.2.1 Modal verbs  49-51
    4.2.2 Vocatives  51-52
    4.2.3 Intensifiers  52-53
    4.2.4 Interjections and others  53-54
  4.3 Syntactical markers  54-56
    4.3.1 The use of negative structure  54-55
    4.3.2 The use of tag  55-56
    4.3.3 The use of stabilized construction  56
  4.4 Conversation-structural markers  56-59
    4.4.1 Questions followed by the answer provided by speaker him/herself  57-58
    4.4.2 Many questions raised by the speaker successively in one turn  58
    4.4.3 Question as a response to the previous speaker's question or statement  58-59
  4.5 Responsive markers  59-60
  4.6 Summary  60-62
Chapter 5 Classification of Question Functions  62-74
  5.1 Information-oriented functions  62-65
    5.1.1 Informationelicitation  62-65
      5.1.1.1 Eliciting the provision of Unknown Information  63
      5.1.1.2 Eliciting the Confirmation of uncertain information  63-64
      5.1.1.3 Eliciting the clarification of vague information  64-65
    5.1.2 Information Provision  65
  5.2 Expression-oriented functions  65-68
    5.2.1 Expressing attitude and opinion  66-67
    5.2.2 Expressing feelings and emotions  67-68
  5.3 Action-oriented functions  68-73
    5.3.1 Phatics  68-69
    5.3.2 Requestives  69-73
      5.3.2.1 Request  70-71
      5.3.2.2 Advice  71-72
      5.3.2.3 Order  72-73
  5.4 Summary  73-74
Chapter 6 Adaptive Use of Questions in Casual Conversations  74-86
  6.1 Contextual dependence of question  75-81
    6.1.1 Relationship between language users  75-77
    6.1.2 Power Distribution  77-79
    6.1.3 Mentality of speakers  79-80
    6.1.4 Physical setting  80-81
  6.2 Strategic orientation of questions  81-85
    6.2.1 Positive politeness strategies  82-83
    6.2.3 Negative politeness strategies  83-85
  6.3 Summary  85-86
Chapter 7 Conclusion  86-90
  7.1 The research in retrospect  86
  7.2 Summary of the major findings  86-87
  7.3 Implications of the study  87-88
  7.4 Some limitations  88-89
  7.5 Directions for potential research  89-90
Bibliography  90-93

日常会话中疑问句功能的语用研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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