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美国工作福利制度对福利母亲和儿童的影响

作　者: 陈赞
导　师: 张滨江
学　校: 天津外国语学院
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 福利制度改革工作福利制度影响母亲和儿童
分类号:
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2008年
下　载: 51次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

起初,美国福利制度对贫困单身母亲给予无限时的援助。到上个世纪九十年代中期,克林顿政府提出改变福利重点,把失依儿童的父母尤其是单身母亲从福利转向工作。1996年《个人责任与工作机会协调法案》对美国贫困家庭的妇女及儿童产生了重大影响。成功地把人们从福利转向工作的关键在于职业培训和儿童照顾。但是,工作福利制度并没有使得贫困家庭状况好转。福利母亲陷入了低工资、无出路的工作中,举步维艰;她们的孩子得不到应有的照顾,对将来的发展带来隐患。这些人很有可能再次回来依靠福利。这篇论文通过阐述美国工作福利制度对福利母亲和儿童的影响,指出其存在的问题和缺陷,提出改善的建议,及其对中国福利政策的启示。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  4-6
Abstract  6-7
摘要  7-9
Literature review  9-10
Introduction  10-11
Chapter One A Brief Account of Pre-reform Aid to Welfare Mothers and Children  11-15
  1.1 Mothers' Pensions,1911-1935  11-12
  1.2 Aid to Dependent Children,1935-1962  12-13
  1.3 Aid to Families with Dependent Children,1962-1996  13-15
Chapter Two From Welfare to Workfare  15-19
  2.1 1996 Welfare Reforms  15-16
  2.2 Driving Forces behind Welfare Reform  16-19
    2.2.1 Economic Reasons  16-17
    2.2.2 Social Changes  17-18
    2.2.3 Cultural Value  18-19
Chapter Three The Impact of Workfare on Welfare Mothers and Children  19-35
  3.1 Improvements for Working Mothers and Children  19
  3.2 Challenges and Problems of Workfare  19-35
    3.2.1 Out of Welfare but Not out of Poverty  19-22
    3.2.2 Difficulties for Mothers to Move from Welfare to Work  22-30
      3.2.2.1 Unsatisfactory Education and Training  22-23
      3.2.2.2 Poor Child Care  23-25
      3.2.2.3 Limited Transportation Assistance  25
      3.2.2.4 Domestic Violence  25-28
      3.2.2.5 Administrative and Service Problems  28-30
    3.2.3 Hindrance for Children's Development  30-33
      3.2.3.1 Education and Care Problems  30-32
      3.2.3.2 Restricted Access to Food Stamps,Housing and Medicaid  32-33
    3.2.4 Little Changes in Family Structure  33-35
Chapter Four Implications of Improving Workfare and Revelations to China's Welfare Reform  35-40
  4.1 Implications of Improving U.S.Workfare  35-36
  4.2 Revelations to China's Welfare Policies  36-40
    4.2.1 China's Welfare Policies for the Urban Poor  37-38
    4.2.2 China's Social Assistance in Rural Areas  38-40
Conclusion  40-42
Works Cited  42-45

美国工作福利制度对福利母亲和儿童的影响

内容摘要

全文目录

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