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性相近，习相远

作　者: 丁玲
导　师: 肖龙福
学　校: 山东师范大学
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 禁忌语委婉语文化跨文化交际
分类号: H0-05
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2006年
下　载: 719次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

虽然古今中外有关禁忌语与委婉语的论述颇多,但对语言的研究,尤其是对在语言产生伊始就产生的并且反映语言神秘性特征的禁忌语的研究永远不会穷尽。各个民族都有自己的价值标准。在自己民族看来是美的东西在别的民族看来不一定美,甚至会觉得丑恶,大部分禁忌习俗正是属于此种情况。委婉语是伴随着禁忌语而产生的。因此对禁忌语和委婉语的对比研究对跨文化交际来说是非常必要的,而以往的研究侧重于从文化人类学的角度和认知语言学的角度解释禁忌语和委婉语的创造,侧重于语言事实的描述而少分析研究,侧重于单向研究而少对比研究,侧重于个别语言现象的对比,而少对差异的总体规律的总结。因此,本文并不是单纯向语言学习者灌输什么事该说,什么事不该说或怎样说的观念,而是旨在运用描述和定性分析的方法,在前人对禁忌语和委婉语的语料研究的基础之上,对汉语和英语里的禁忌语和委婉语进行了分类,并根据跨文化交际的需要主要选取了其中四类进行了考察。本文考察了所选取的每一类中汉语禁忌语以及委婉语和英语禁忌语以及委婉语的不同之处,依据语言和文化的关系理论,尤其是卡尔·威廉·冯·洪堡特对语言和文化关系的论述,揭示汉语和英语里禁忌语和委婉语相异的文化根源。本文通过研究得出结论:虽然禁忌语与委婉语这两种特殊的语言现象在中西两种文化里起源大致相同,某些方面也有共通之处,但具体原因和诸多方面还是相去甚远的。汉语中的禁忌语和委婉语重在禁忌,侧重于语言的消极使用,宗教色彩不浓厚而人文主义色彩浓厚,体现了中国人对个体的道德修养的重视,语言的使用主要是致力于创造和谐的人际关系。英语中的禁忌语和委婉语重在委婉,侧重于语言的积极使用,宗教色彩浓厚,带有沉重的原罪感,体现了英国人对宗教精神和优雅语言的一再追求,并且他们力图通过积极使用语言以扩大个人的影响并改造世界。中英在禁忌语和委婉语语言行为上的诸多差异是由中国和英国不同的文化传统决定的。本文通过考察发现,中英两种文化传统的实质性差异在于天人之和与天人之

全文目录

Abstract  8-11
中文摘要  11-13
Figures and Tables  13-14
Introduction  14-19
Chapter One Literature Review  19-27
  1.1 A Brief Review of the Studies of Taboo at Home and Abroad  19-23
  1.2 A Brief Review of the Studies of Euphemism at Home and Abroad  23-27
Chapter Two A Theoretical Discussion of Taboo, Euphemism and Culture  27-39
  2.1 Language and Culture  27-30
    2.1.1 What is language  27
    2.1.2 What is culture  27-28
    2.1.3 The relationship between language and culture  28-30
  2.2 Taboo, Euphemism and Culture  30-37
    2.2.1 Taboo  30-33
    2.2.2 Euphemism  33-36
    2.2.3 The relationship of taboo, euphemism and culture  36-37
  2.3 Taboo, Euphemism and Intercultural Communication  37-39
Chapter Three An Investigation of Both Chinese and British Taboos and Euphemisms  39-100
  3.1 Research Questions  39
  3.2 Sample  39-40
  3.3 Data Collection  40-41
  3.4 Results  41-66
    3.4.1 Chinese taboos and euphemisms  41-54
      3.4.1.1 Chinese taboos on the names of spirits  41-43
      3.4.1.2 Chinese taboos on death and illness  43-44
      3.4.1.3 Chinese taboos on vulgarities  44-45
      3.4.1.4 Chinese taboos on ominous matter and deficiencies  45-47
      3.4.1.5 Chinese euphemisms of the names of the spirits  47-48
      3.4.1.6 Chinese euphemisms of death and illness  48-51
      3.4.1.7 Chinese euphemisms of vulgarities  51-52
      3.4.1.8 Chinese euphemisms of ominous matter and deficiencies  52-54
    3.4.2 British taboos and euphemisms  54-66
      3.4.2.1 British taboos on the names of spirits  54-55
      3.4.2.2 British taboos on death and illness  55-56
      3.4.2.3 British taboos on vulgarities  56-57
      3.4.2.4 British taboos connected with discrimination  57-59
      3.4.2.5 British euphemisms of the names of spirits  59-61
      3.4.2.6 British euphemisms of death and illness  61-63
      3.4.2.7 British euphemisms of vulgarities  63-65
      3.4.2.8 British euphemisms to beautify things  65-66
  3.5 The Factors Influencing Chinese and British Taboos and Euphemisms  66-100
    3.5.1 The factors influencing Chinese taboos and euphemisms  67-85
      3.5.1.1 The factors influencing Chinese taboos on the names of spirits  67-70
      3.5.1.2 The factors influencing Chinese taboos on death and illness  70-72
      3.5.1.3 The factors influencing Chinese taboos on vulgarities  72-74
      3.5.1.4 The factors influencing Chinese taboos on ominous matter and deficiencies  74-76
      3.5.1.5 The factors influencing Chinese euphemisms of the names of spirits  76-78
      3.5.1.6 The factors influencing Chinese euphemisms of death and illness  78-80
      3.5.1.7 The factors influencing Chinese euphemisms of vulgarities  80-82
      3.5.1.8 The factors influencing Chinese euphemisms of ominous matter and deficiencies  82-85
    3.5.2 The factors influencing British taboos and euphemisms  85-100
      3.5.2.1 The factors influencing British taboos on the names of spirits  85-87
      3.5.2.2 The factors influencing British taboos on death and illness  87-89
      3.5.2.3 The factors influencing British taboos on vulgarities  89-91
      3.5.2.4 The factors influencing British taboos connected with discrimination  91-92
      3.5.2.5 The factors influencing British euphemisms of the names of spirits  92-94
      3.5.2.6 The factors influencing British euphemisms of death and illness  94-96
      3.5.2.7 The factors influencing British euphemisms of vulgarities  96-97
      3.5.2.8 The factors influencing British euphemisms to beautify things  97-100
Chapter Four Implications for Intercultural Communication  100-103
  4.1 Implications for Language Learning in Intercultural Communication  100-101
  4.2 Implications for Language Teaching in Intercultural Communication  101-103
Conclusion  103-105
Bibliography  105-109
Acknowledgements  109-110
Thesis Published  110

性相近，习相远

内容摘要

全文目录

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