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联合国与否决“废除或改革”

作　者: 拉斐尔
导　师: 黄德明
学　校: 武汉大学
专　业: 国际公法
关键词: 联合国大会国际法准则互不干涉内政国际合法性联合国宪章决议替代方案总则世界政府议事日程
分类号: D99
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2005年
下　载: 95次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

确定和实施国际法肯定会给政治和经济秩序以及各国之间在意识形态方面的相互谅解带来影响。为此,国际生活的其它领域才形成了现有的局面。变革国际法中的一些主要概念已被开始提到了议事日程上来了。众所周知,传统法学家如(Grotius,Vattle,Emanuel,Oppenheim and others)等人,他们是将传统法的主要原则建立在国与国之间自愿交往和平等基础之上的。自那时起,国际法总则,如国家主权,互不干涉内政等原则才得以确定下来。同样,联合国是依据其宪章于1945年成立的,该宪章是建立在诸多业已成为国际法中具有约束力的总则的原则基础之上的。见宪章第二条。如果说,联合国的作用是赋予安理会决议以国际合法性,那么至少应该对这些“国际合法性”加以讨论并体现在决议当中。但是,安理会功能的膨胀是以牺牲联合国其它机构的功能为代价的。从而使其变成了类似泛世界政府或对其它政府和国家加以监督的机构,这意味着取消了世界其它国家的作用,意味着世界只能卷入一场应有尽有的强人和穷人群体之间的激烈冲突,由此而引发了集团化,局势紧张化和某些反作用力,借以表达弱者对现实的不满和他们对这种国际关系模式的杯葛,这就意味着这个世界绝不可能安定,除非再次恢复国际力量平衡。这不禁使我们回忆起十九世纪的情况,一个超强国曾以宗教道德或公共利益的名义将其意志强加给一个超弱国的历史。于是,我们发现自己正在面对一个新的霸权,一种单边主义行为,也就是一个霸权帝国。这正是联合国宪章凭借互不干涉内政,主权平等的原则所欲加以制止的行为。因此,本论文的主旨是将其平台设立在对国际法的历史渊源的讨论之上,主要探讨作为出台国际性决议的重要大本营-联合国大会及在世界新秩序背景下遵守国际法准则、国际惯例和国际法的状况,还有在这种新秩序的格局下,否决权可能带来的消极和积极影响。此外,本论文还将在重组联合国的假定条件下,试尝提出一些替代方案,不过这只是一种假设,目的是启动联合国作为国际法和世界安全、和平的真正卫士的作用。同时,本论文还将提出并探讨一些替代方案,以克服因滥用否决权所造成的消极影响。本论文共分为六个部分。每一部分分三章,每章涵两个命题。

全文目录

Introduction  6-8
Abstract:  8-10
中文摘要  10-12
Chapter one: the United Nations Existing  12-18
  1.1: the Historical Base and the Creation of the League of Nations  12-14
    1.1.1: Historical Base:  12-13
    1.1.2: the Creation of the League of Nations:  13-14
  1.2: the United Nations Birthing and its Role as a Frame in the International Relations  14-18
    1.2.1: The United Nations is born:  14-16
    1.2.2: the Role of the United Nations:  16-17
    1.2.3: the United Nations as a Frame of the International Relations:  17-18
Chapter two: the Body and the Soul of the United Nations  18-26
  2.1: the United Nations System and Family Posted on (UNGA, UNSC)  18-24
    2.1.1: the United Nations system:  18-21
    2.1.2: the United Nations Family:  21-22
    2.1.3: The General Assembly:  22-23
    2.1.4: The Security Council:  23-24
  2.2: the Soul of the United Nations (Preamble, Principles and aims)  24-26
    2.2.1: Preamble of the United Nations Charter:  24-25
    2.2.2: The Principles of the United Nations:  25
    2.2.3: The Aims of the United Nations:  25-26
Chapter Three: the International Law as the Legal Frame for the International Relations  26-35
  3.1:the International Law Definition, Doctrines and Origins  26-30
    3.1.1: Definition International Law:  26-27
    3.1.2: What is International Law?  27-28
    3.1.3: Some Important Doctrines of International Law:  28-30
      (a) Sovereignty  28-29
      (b) Equality of states  29
      (c) Territorial integrity  29-30
    3.1.4: Origins of International Law:  30
  3.2: the International Law Enforcement and Role in a Globalized world  30-35
    3.2.1: Enforcement of International Law:  30-32
    3.2.2: the Role of International Law in a Globalized World:  32-35
Chapter Four: the Role of the United Nations Decisions  35-46
  4.1: the United Nations Decisions-Making  35-40
    4.1.1: Introduction:  35-36
    4.1.2: The UN: Who Makes Decisions?  36
    4.1.3: Outcomes, the Nature of UN Decisions:  36-40
  4.2: the role of (UNGA, UNSC) in the legality and legitimacy  40-46
    4.2.1: the Security Council:  40-42
    4.2.2: the General Assembly  42-43
    4.2.3: Legality and Legitimacy:  43-46
Chapter Five: the Power of Veto  46-58
  5.1: the Definition of Veto  46-49
    5.1.1: the Right to Veto:  46
    5.1.2 What is the Legal Basis for This Right?  46-47
    5.1.3 Who Are the Beneficiaries of the Right to Veto?  47
    5.1.4 Different Types of Veto:  47-49
  5.2: the veto Defections and the Question of Use  49-58
    5.2.1: the Question of Use:  49-52
    5.2.2: veto defections (advantages and disadvantages):  52-58
Chapter Six: the Requirements of Reforming  58-70
  6.1: the Need for United Nations and the Reforming Suggestions  58-63
    6.1.1: the Need for the United Nations as an International Organization:  58-61
    6.1.2: Reforming United Nations to increase its efficacy:  61-63
  6.2: the Power of Veto; Extending, Abolishing or Rephrasing  63-70
    6.2.1: Veto Power  63-64
    6.2.2: Extending or Abolishing the Veto Power?  64-67
    6.2.3: Rephrasing Veto to Impose Sovereignty and Equality:  67-68
    6.2.4: Thesis Conclusion:  68-70
References:  70-72
Academic publications:  72-73
ACKNOWLEDGMENT  73

联合国与否决“废除或改革”

内容摘要

全文目录

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