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《美国联邦宪法》（1787）与《联合国宪章》中的语态对比研究

作　者: 薛龙翠
导　师: 赵亮
学　校: 西南政法大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 批评语言学系统功能语言学美国联邦宪法联合国宪章权力意识形态
分类号: H314
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2011年
下　载: 17次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

被动语态作为法律英语的一个典型特征已为人们广泛接受。法律英语被视为各种法律英语语篇的统称。但通过观察,作者发现国际公约中大量使用主动语态。然而,很少有人发现这一现象。本文试图比较被动语态在国内法和国际公约中的运用情况,并进一步分析语态与法律语篇中隐藏的权力和意识形态之间的关系。作者收集了三组数据,每组包含一个国内法及其一个大体上与相对应的国际公约,即,《美国联邦宪法》(1787)与《联合国宪章》,《中华人民共和国刑法》与《禁止酷刑和其他残忍,不人道有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》,以及英国1998年《人权法案》与《世界人权宣言》。根据统计,结果表明国内法中使用被动语态的频率高于国际公约。但,国际公约亦属于法律语言,为什么这一特征未能得到体现呢?本文采用批评语言学和韩礼德的系统功能语法相结合的理论框架分析上述这一现象,并选择第一组数据为例进行详细分析。本文旨在法律语言研究中开辟新天地。作者发现国际条约中存在“高频率被动语态特征”缺失,同时发现语态的选择依赖隐藏的“权力”和“意识形态”。这一发现再次为“语言形式依赖于语言功能并服务于语言目的”这一规则提供了实证。同时,由于法律语言是一个非常宽泛,包括许多分支领域的概念,这一发现将激励更多学者对法律语言各个分支的特征做进一步的研究。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  4-5
Abstract  5-7
摘要  7-10
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  10-16
  1.1 Rationale of the Study  10-12
    1.1.1 The Importance of Legal Language  10-12
    1.1.2 A Need for Research of Legislative Language  12
  1.2 Statement of the Problems  12-13
  1.3 Purpose of the Thesis  13-14
  1.4 Research Methodology and Data Collection  14
  1.5 Organization of the Thesis  14-16
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW  16-28
  2.1 Legal Discourse  16-20
    2.1.1 A Brief Introduction to Legal English  16
    2.1.2 Features of Legal English  16-17
    2.1.3 Differences between National Law and International Law  17-18
    2.1.4 The International Convention as a Special Legislative Discourse  18-19
    2.1.5 Variants or Sub-Varieties of Legal Language  19-20
  2.2 Previous Studies on Passive Voice  20-26
    2.2.1 Previous Studies on Passive Voice in Theories  20-25
      2.2.1.1 Passive Voice in the Formalistic Approach  20-22
      2.2.1.2 Passive voice in the Functional Approach  22-25
    2.2.2 Previous Studies on Passive Voice in Practices  25-26
      2.2.2.1 The Studies of Passive Voice in Some Specific Discourses  25-26
      2.2.2.2 Different Views about Passive Voice in Legal Discourse  26
  2.3 Summary  26-28
CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL FRAMWORK OF THE PRESENT STUDY  28-40
  3.1 Introduction  28
  3.2 The Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis  28-35
    3.2.1 General Introduction to CDA  28-29
    3.2.2 Three Major Issues of CDA  29-33
      3.2.2.1 Ideology  29-30
      3.2.2.2 Power  30-31
      3.2.2.3 Social Situation  31-33
    3.2.3 Main Approaches to CDA  33-34
    3.2.4 A Critical- Functional Framework  34-35
  3.3 Devices to Analyze Power in Legislative Discourse under C-F Framework  35-38
    3.3.1 Analyzing Power at Syntactic Level—Transformation  36-37
    3.3.2 Analyzing at Textual Level—Thematic Structure and Information Structure  37-38
      3.3.2.1 Thematic Structure  37-38
      3.3.2.2 Information Structure  38
  3.4 Summary  38-40
CHAPTER FOUR A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF VOICE IN THE CONSTITUTION AND IN THE CHARTER UNDER CRITICAL-FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK  40-59
  4.1 Introduction  40-42
  4.2 Power Realization and Passive Voice in the Constitution  42-52
    4.2.1 Power Realization at Syntactic Level—Transformation  43-48
      4.2.1.1 Passivization in the Constitution  43-46
      4.2.1.2 Power Realization through the Functions of Passivization in the Constitution  46-48
    4.2.2 Power Realization at Textual Level in the Constitution  48-52
      4.2.2.1 Thematic Structure and Information Distribution in the Constitution  49
      4.2.2.2 Power Realization in Information Structure  49-52
  4.3 The Low Frequency of Passive Voice in the Charter  52-57
    4.3.1 Power Relations among the Participants in the Charter  52-55
    4.3.2 The Influence of Power Relations on the Selection of Voice in the Charter  55-57
  4.4 Summary  57-59
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION  59-62
  5.1 Summary of the Present Study  59-60
  5.2 Contributions of the Present Study  60
  5.3 Limitations of the Present Research and Recommendations for Further Study  60-62
Bibliography  62-66

《美国联邦宪法》（1787）与《联合国宪章》中的语态对比研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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