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HPSG理论中“自己”和量化名词短语的语用解释的约束条件体系
作 者: 杨春雷
导 师: 许余龙
学 校: 上海外国语大学
专 业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 语用解释 约束条件体系 歧义消解 中心词驱动的短语结构语法
分类号: H146
类 型: 博士论文
年 份: 2008年
下 载: 198次
引 用: 0次
阅 读: 论文下载
内容摘要
本文的主要目标是在中心词驱动的短语结构语法理论框架内建立一个汉语中反身代词“自己”和量化名词短语的语用解释的约束条件体系。约束条件是指能够对某些语言现象进行歧义消解的语言规律;约束条件体系通过这些约束条件的共同作用来达到这个目的。首先,论文先分别定义了“自己”和量化名词短语的语用解释的种类:“自己”有2种(特指与泛指);量化名词短语有6种(定指、特指、分指、全指、互指和泛指)。我们先从自然语料中选出含有研究对象的部分分别建立针对两个研究对象的专门语料库,通过语料分析发现并验证可能的约束条件,如:表达形式及约束条件值的分布、特殊词汇、修饰词的数量、句法位置、时态、体、研究对象和先行词或同指成分的距离、文本类别等。如果约束条件证明有效,那么将对其进行评估和量权。研究建立了两个约束条件体系,分别包含8个关于“自己”的约束条件和23个关于量化名词短语的约束条件。然后根据每个约束条件对语用解释影响力的大小,分别给它们施加一定的点数。把在具体的研究对象上发现的约束条件对应的点数相加得到一个点数和。这个点数和是确定语用解释的最终依据。完整的约束体系将应用于自然语料分析,验证其对研究对象在语篇中的语用解释的预测力,并最终确定具有最佳预测结果的点数和作为判断标准。研究表明两个约束条件体系都能成功预测出绝大部分的语用解释,其中关于“自己”的判断成功率为91%,量化名词短语为80%。本文还分别研究了应用中心词驱动的短语结构语法理论分析“自己”和量化名词短语的相关文献,并把两个约束体系嵌入到该理论框架内。之所以采用这个框架,主要是基于三个原因:首先,该理论把各个层次的信息统一纳入到一个特征结构中描写,这符合约束条件体系的性质;其次,汉语中词汇包含了大量决定语法和语义结构的信息,该理论的词汇主义特色也比较符合这个特点;最后,该理论的模块性结构为约束体系的计算实现提供了便利。本文最后还分别提出了语言学研究中约束体系的产生和它的计算实现的流程图。
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全文目录
Acknowledgements 4-5 Abstract 5-7 摘要 7-15 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 15-30 1.1 Theoretical preliminaries 15-25 1.1.1 Linguistic form and its pragmatic interpretation 15-16 1.1.2 HPSG and its application to Chinese 16-20 1.1.2.1 HPSG 17-19 1.1.2.2 HPSG application to Chinese 19-20 1.1.3 Expert System (ES) 20-25 1.1.3.1 ES in Linguistics 20-22 1.1.3.1.1 Fundamental belief 20-21 1.1.3.1.2 Some implemented linguistic ESs 21-22 1.1.3.2 ES in Computer Science 22-25 1.1.3.2.1 Definition of ES 22-23 1.1.3.2.2 A brief history of ES 23-24 1.1.3.2.3 Limitations of ES 24-25 1.2 Research design and its rationale 25-28 1.2.1 Why HPSG 25-27 1.2.2 Link between the linguistic and computational ESs 27 1.2.3 Integrated language model 27-28 1.3 Research Methodology 28-30 Chapter Two RELATED WORK 30-41 2.1 Unification and combination 30-33 2.1.1 Unification of simple AVMs 30-31 2.1.2 Unification of tagged AVMs 31-32 2.1.3 Combinatory rules 32-33 2.2 Semantic computability based on HowNet 33-41 2.2.1 Introduction to HowNet 33-36 2.2.1.1 Structure and relations in HowNet 33-35 2.2.1.2 Limitations of HowNet 35-36 2.2.2 Lexical semantic similarity computation (LSSC) 36-41 2.2.2.1 A simple model 37-38 2.2.2.2 Word similarity computing model 38-39 2.2.2.3 A model for content words 39-41 Chapter Three EXPERT SYSTEM OF THE CHINESE REFLEXIVE ZIJI 41-70 3.1 A brief diachronic survey of ziji 41-42 3.2 A brief review of anaphoric studies 42-43 3.3 Noun Phrase Accessibility (NPA) 43-44 3.4 Pragmatic interpretations of ziji in discourse 44 3.5 Discussions on some experts 44-46 3.5.1 Formal types of ziji and its antecedent 44-45 3.5.2 Syntactic positions of ziji and its antecedent 45 3.5.3 Text Style 45 3.5.4 Distance between ziji and its antecedent 45 3.5.5 Potential experts 45-46 3.6 Database construction 46-48 3.7 Discussion and findings 48-60 3.7.1 Distributions and their hints 48-51 3.7.2 Correlative experts 51-52 3.7.2.1 Correlation between the form and number of ziji’s antecedent 51 3.7.2.2 Correlation between distance and text styles 51 3.7.2.3 Correlation between syntactic positions of ziji and its antecedent 51-52 3.7.3 The role of semantic computation in ziji’s pragmatic interpretation 52-54 3.7.4 Votes assignment and tally computation 54-59 3.7.4.1 Votes assignment 54-58 3.7.4.2 Tally computation 58-59 3.7.5 Hints from failure analyses 59-60 3.8 Ziji’s ES in HPSG 60-70 3.8.1 Ziji and binding theory in HPSG 60-64 3.8.2 Studies on ziji in HPSG framework 64-66 3.8.3 ES of ziji in HPSG 66-70 Chapter Four EXPERT SYSTEM OF CHINESE QNPS 70-130 4.1 Classifications of Qs 70-77 4.1.1 Grammatical classifications of English Qs 71-72 4.1.2 Classifications of Chinese Qs 72-75 4.1.3 Formal Types of Chinese Qs 75-77 4.2 Semantic Relations between Qs in English and Chinese 77-87 4.2.1 Research Methodology 78 4.2.2 Analysis 78-85 4.2.2.1 From English Qs to Chinese Qs 78-82 4.2.2.2 From Chinese Qs to English Qs 82-85 4.2.3 Conclusions 85-87 4.3 Some approaches to Q interpretations 87-90 4.3.1 Q interpretations by standard logic 87-88 4.3.2 Q interpretations by syntactic theories 88-90 4.4 Expert System of Qs 90-100 4.4.1 Pragmatic interpretations of QNPs in discourse 90-93 4.4.2 A Functional Account of Q Scope in English: Expert System 93-94 4.4.3 ES of Chinese quantified sentence 94-96 4.4.4 Q experts 96-100 4.4.4.1 Tense 96-97 4.4.4.2 Aspect 97-98 4.4.4.3 Voice 98 4.4.4.4 Vocabulary 98-99 4.4.4.5 Syntactic Structures 99-100 4.4.4.6 Other influential factors 100 4.5 Database construction 100-104 4.5.1 General Principles 100-102 4.5.2 Q database construction 102 4.5.3 Overview of the database structure batch one 102-104 4.6 Discussions and findings based on database batch one 104-112 4.6.1 Merge and division of experts 104 4.6.2 Rearrangement of existing experts 104-105 4.6.3 Cancellations and additions of experts 105-107 4.6.3.1 Cancellations of experts 105-106 4.6.3.2 The additions of experts 106-107 4.6.4 About the values of Q’s formal types 107-108 4.6.5 About values of a QNP’s pragmatic interpretations 108 4.6.6 About syntactic positions 108-109 4.6.7 About input form 109-110 4.6.8 More information to be collected 110 4.6.9 Suggestions for order of operation in computing 110 4.6.10 Overview of Q database batch two 110-112 4.7 Discussions and findings based on database batch two 112-124 4.7.1 Overall statistics 112-114 4.7.2 Word segmentation and construction filtering 114-116 4.7.3 Tally difference in dual-Q sentences 116-117 4.7.4 Influence of tense and aspect experts 117-118 4.7.5 Newly discovered experts 118-120 4.7.5.1 Intensifier 是 118-119 4.7.5.2 Text type 119-120 4.7.6 Average tallies of Qs with each pragmatic interpretation 120-122 4.7.7 Hints from failure analyses 122-124 4.8 Q ES in HPSG framework 124-130 4.8.1 Quantification in HPSG 124-128 4.8.2 ES in HPSG 128-130 Chapter Five LINGUISTIC AND COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF ES CONSTRUCTION 130-134 5.1 Linguistic ES construction 130-131 5.2 Computational ES construction 131-134 Chapter Six CONCLUDING REMARKS 134-136 6.1 What we have achieved 134 6.2 Limitations and suggestions for further research 134-136 References 136-142 Appendix 1 Hierarchical Structure in HPSG 142-143 Appendix 2 Relations in Hownet 143-144 Appendix 3 [CODE] of Dictionaries Referred to 144-145 Appendix 4 Generated data from Q database batch 2 145-146
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