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利用选择导入系定位水稻优良恢复系开花期耐热QTL

作　者: U.A.Kapila Siri Udawela
导　师: 高用明
学　校: 中国农业科学院
专　业: 作物遗传育种
关键词: 水稻耐高温导入系 QTL
分类号: S511
类　型: 博士论文
年　份: 2013年
下　载: 24次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

高温已成为严重影响水稻生长、产量和品质的一个主要因素。通过发掘水稻耐热基因/QTL,并结合分子设计育种手段来培育耐热水稻品种,被认为是提高水稻耐热性的有效途径之一。本研究以中国生产上已经大面积推广应用的两个优良籼稻恢复系蜀恢527和明恢86做为轮回亲本,以来自不同地理区域的13个品种为供体构建了13个BC2F2群体,在温室40℃的高温胁迫下以结实率为耐热指标以各自的轮回亲本为对照严格筛选到244个耐热高代回交导入系(13个BC2F5群体),开展了耐热及相关性状的鉴定和QTL定位,获得以下主要结果：1.在2011和2012年湖南正常条件下,以蜀恢527为背景的9个导入系群体平均表现与蜀恢527相近;在高温胁迫条件下,这9个群体中蜀恢527/明恢63热害指数和单株产量表现最好,其次为蜀恢527/孟关大麻谷和蜀恢527/紫恢100,蜀恢527/辐恢838表现最差,其他群体的表现不尽一致。在湖南正常条件下,以明恢86为背景的4个导入系群体的平均表现和明恢86的相近;高温胁迫条件下,平均两年的抗旱指数和单株产量为耐热评价指标,全部4个明恢86背景的群体耐热性都较轮回亲本明恢86有明显改良。共计获得了10个优良耐热导入系,来自蜀恢527和明恢86背景的各有5个。在浙江杭州的正常和高温胁迫条件下,共获得6个优良株系,蜀恢527/孟关大麻谷和蜀恢527/BG902群体各有3个株系。而且,在2012年来自蜀恢527/孟关大麻谷群体的3个株系在正常和高温胁迫条件下都比耐热对照品种N22表现出更高的实粒数和单株产量。2.蜀恢527/孟关大麻谷和蜀恢527/BG902群体,共检测到与9个性状有关的58个QTL,其中5个控制抽穗期、1个控制株高、3个控制有效穗数、7个控制每穗实粒数、9个控制每穗颖花数、11个控制结实率、5个控制千粒重、5个控制单株产量和12个控制耐热指数。其中13个QTL在两地点被重复检测到。明恢86为轮回亲本与江西丝苗、IR65600-27-1-2-2、旱恢10和Bala为供体的导入系群体共检测到214个QTL,与抽穗期有关的位点有22个、与株高有关的位点18个、与有效穗数有关的位点32个、与每穗实粒数有关的位点23个、与每穗总粒数有关的位点28个、与结实率有关的位点24个、与单株产量有关的位点24个、与耐热指数有关的位点13个。本研究的结果表明,回交导入结合目标性状选择的策略进行水稻耐热性的改良和耐热基因/QTL的发掘和定位是有效的。

全文目录

摘要  6-7
Abstract  7-14
CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION  14-42
  1.1 HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RICE PLANT  15-16
  1.2 HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON VEGETATIVE PHASE  16-17
  1.3 HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON REPRODUCTIVE PHASE  17-20
  1.4 HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON GRAIN FILLING PHASE  20-23
  1.5 INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE WITH OTHER CLIMATIC FACTORS  23-25
    1.5.1 ROle of humidity in spikelet sterility  23
    1.5.2 Atmospheric CO_2 level  23-24
    1.5.3 Endogenous hormonal level  24-25
    1.5.4 Wind speed at flowering  25
  1.6 TRAITS RELATED TO TOLERANCE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS  25-28
    1.6.1 Plant architecture  25
    1.6.2 Time of flowering and anthesis  25-27
    1.6.3 Length of anther  27
    1.6.4 Size of basal pore  27
    1.6.5 Length of basal dehiscence of anther  27-28
  1.7 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF HEAT TOLERANCE  28-31
    1.7.1 Role of HSPs in inducing thermo tolerance  29-30
    1.7.2 Factors other than HSPs contributing to thermo-tolerance  30-31
  1.8 GENETICS OF HEAT TOLERANCE  31-40
    1.8.1 Heat tolerance is a quantitative trait  31-32
    1.8.2 QTLs analysis on heat stress tolerant  32-37
    1.8.3 Proteomic approach and heat responsive proteins in rice  37-38
    1.8.4 HSPs and other protection proteins  38
    1.8.5 Heat tolerant gene cloning and transferring  38-39
    1.8.6 Transcriptome study on heat tolerance rice  39-40
  1.9 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCHh WORK  40-42
CHAPTER Ⅱ MATERIALS AND METHODS  42-53
  2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS  43-46
    2.1.1 Development of plant materials  43-44
    2.1.2 Preliminary screening of the BC_2F_2 bulk populations for heat tolerant (HT) at the reproductive stage  44-45
    2.1.3 Confirmation of the selected BC_2F_4 lines for HT at the reproductive stage  45
    2.1.4 Second round evaluation for HT ILs population  45-46
  2.2 DNA EXTRACTION AND GENOTYPING WITH MOLECULAR MARKERS  46
  2.3 PREPARE CTAB (CELYTRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE) BUFFER AND TE BUFFER  46-47
  2.4 PREPARING LEAF SAMPLES  47-48
  2.5 SSR TECHNOLOGY  48-52
    2.5.1 PCR Reaction  49
    2.5.2 PCR mix for one reaction  49-50
    2.5.3 Temperature Profile  50-52
    2.5.4 Electrophoresis Using Polyacrylamide Gel  52
  2.6 DATA ANALYSIS  52-53
CHAPTER Ⅲ HEAT TOLERANCE PERFORMANCES OF INTROGRESSION LINES DERIVED WITHSH527 AND MH86 BACKGROUNDS  53-73
  3.1 SELECTION EFFICIENCY FOE HT AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE SELECTED ILS  53
  3.2 PERFORMANCES OF THE 13 POPULATIONS UNDER HEAT STRESS AND NORMAL CONDITIONS  53-60
    3.2.1 Extreme lines and selection efficiency for two backgrounds  58
    3.2.2 Average trait value of 9 populations change from mean traits of SH527 (RP)  58
    3.2.3 Average trait value of 4 populations change from mean traits of MH86 (RP)  58-60
    3.2.4 Promising lines developed  60
  3.3 TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY COMBINE EFFECT FOR SPIKELET FERTILITY  60-63
  3.4 DEVELOPMENT OF ILS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED HT  63
  3.5 THE GENOME-WIDE RESPONSES TO SELECTION FOR HT  63-64
  3.6 PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF TWO POPULATIONS IN HUNAN AND HANGZHOU  64-69
  3.7 PROMISING LINES DEVELOPED  69-73
CHAPTER Ⅳ DETECTION OF QTLS IN RICE TRAIT RELATED TO HEAT TOLERANT USINGSELECTED INTROGRESSION LINES OF SH527  73-82
  4.1 DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL POPULATION  73
  4.2 QTL DETECTION AND ANALYSIS  73-79
    4.2.1 Chi-square test for finding linkage markers  73
    4.2.2 One-way ANOVA  73-79
  4.3 DISCUSSION  79-81
  4.4 CONCLUSION  81-82
CHAPTER Ⅴ QTLS MAPPING FOR HEAT AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS WITH MINGHUI86BACKGROUND  82-102
  5.1 DEVELOPMENT OF MAPPING POPULATIONS WITH BACKCROSS  82
  5.2 DNA EXTRACTION AND SSR GENOTYPING  82
  5.3 DEVELOPMENT OF LINKAGE MAP AND QTL ANALYSIS  82-101
    5.3.1 QTL mapping of heading date  82-83
    5.3.2 Mapping QTLs for Plant height  83
    5.3.3 Mapping QTLs for panicle number  83-84
    5.3.4 Mapping QTLs for filled grain number per panicle  84-85
    5.3.5 Mapping QTLs for spikelet number per panicle  85
    5.3.6 Mapping QTLs for filled grain rate  85-86
    5.3.7 Mapping QTLs for thousand grain weight  86
    5.3.8 Mapping QTLs for grain yield per plant  86-87
    5.3.9 Mapping QTLs for heat tolerant index  87-101
  5.4 DISCUSSION  101-102
CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSION  102-107
  6.1 PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCES OF NINE POPULATIONS WITH SHUHUI527 BACKGROUND  102
  6.2 PHENOTYPIC PERFORMANCES OF FOUR POPULATIONS WITH MINGHUI86 BACKGROUND  102-103
  6.3 IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs RELATED TO HEAT TOLERANCE USING SH527 BACKGROUND  103
  6.4 IDENTIFICATION OF QTLs RELATED to HEAT TOLERANCE USING MH86 BACKGROUND  103
  6.5 POSSIBLE EXPERIMENTAL ERROR UNDER SHED CONDITION  103-105
    6.5.1 High Relative Humidity,(RH)  103-104
    6.5.2 Reductions of incoming radiation and its properties  104-105
    6.5.3 Other abiotic and biotic factors  105
  6.6 ELEVATION OF TEMPERATURE AROUND THE CROP CANOPY WITHOUP USING PLASTIC SHED  105
  6.7 FUTURE BREEDING FOR HT BASED ON PRESENT KNOWLEDGE  105-107
List of references  107-119
Acknowledgement  119-120
CURRICULUM VITAE  120

利用选择导入系定位水稻优良恢复系开花期耐热QTL

内容摘要

全文目录

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