学位论文 > 优秀研究生学位论文题录展示
新闻话语意义生成的系统功能修辞研究
作 者: 马景秀
导 师: 胡曙中
学 校: 上海外国语大学
专 业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 系统功能修辞 意义生成 新闻话语
分类号: H052
类 型: 博士论文
年 份: 2007年
下 载: 1490次
引 用: 1次
阅 读: 论文下载
内容摘要
当人类进入21世纪,以新闻话语为代表的大众传媒体裁群以前所未有的广度和深度渗入到社会机构的各个角落,成为文化体系采集和评价信息最具影响力的话语形式、新时期社会符号语义场运转的主要促动力量。本文认为,作为一门跨学科研究,新闻话语所涉及的两个主要学科——话语分析与新闻传播学——都可以溯源到亚里士多德的古典修辞学研究。20世纪后半叶以来,美国新修辞学的主体互联性认知观使修辞处于文化体系所有活动的中心、组织和规范人类的思想和行为的各个方面。新修辞学的领军人物肯尼斯?伯克在语言方面彻底采取维特根斯坦式的态度,在“戏剧主义”理论视角下探讨话语作用于现实的象征行动,认为话语的意义不在于一系列所指而在于作为意义行为建构现实,并为文化体系提供了一种具有客观力量的模具和生存环境,亦即占主导地位的修辞范式。正是在上述学科氛围与相应的现实关怀中,本文从语言哲学、伯克新修辞学、系统功能语言学、评价理论、新闻传播学的跨学科理论视阈中,通过阐释性的质化分析探索一条新闻话语之动态、可协商意义的篇章生成、个体生成与种系生成的系统功能修辞研究路径。全文由八个章节组成。第一章首先概述了研究的背景,勾勒出以大众传媒为介质的意义生产中现实与修辞的关系,以及语言研究界对意义剖析的范式调整,然后列出本文的主要研究目的,并介绍本文的语料来源及组织结构。第二章在概述目前国内外的研究现状的基础上肯定了现今研究的主要成果并剖析了不足之处,在此基础上提出今后的研究发展方向即本文的研究任务:以伯克新修辞学、系统功能语言学及评价理论为主要理论框架,发展一个关于话语以及权力之生产性使用的肯定性论题,以利于对新闻话语意义生成的主体互联性修辞建构进行系统研究与实际应用。第三章首先将本文的研究建立在伯克的戏剧主义语言观上,即将语言视作象征性行动,并在此基础上提出了有待在随后章节中论证的研究假设:新闻话语自身通过系统功能修辞模式实现意义生成,并同时在系统功能修辞模式中构成并促进社会符号意义潜势的沿革。我们还概述了本文所汲取的主要理论的基本观点:伯克新修辞学、系统功能语言学、评价理论,并简要论述了本文所采用的主要研究方法。第四章到第七章是本文论述的具体展开部分。第四章首先明确了语境、修辞与真理之间的关系,在归纳出新闻话语语境特点之后探讨新闻话语如何与社会符号性语境构成连结体并产生密切互动。一方面,我们探讨新闻话语在协商性、顺应性及可变性的语用原则指导下顺应其以“单向性”、“准互动”为特征的语境进行意义生产;另一方面,我们指出意义生产的过程又成为互文性话语空间的有机组成部分,推进意识形态框架以及“知识—价值”复合体的形成。第五章论述新闻话语概念意义的修辞建构。我们运用戏剧主义“五位一体”方法,分析新闻话语中场景、行为、执行者、手段和目的所形成的不同前景化“关系比”如何形成“术语规范”,以不同的动机性与导向性将新闻话语的“客观性”局限于具体的现实语境。考虑到不同主导修辞下的异质话语行为动机,我们还考察了多义性与国际新闻话语中的文字冲突,研究主体互联性的意义建构如何以信息的形式组合成稳定的概念框架,在话语冲突中争夺意义生产权力与流通空间。第六章将新闻话语的人际意义修辞建构与当代语言学研究强调语言之人际的、变化的和可商议的意义的趋势相契合,研究新闻话语如何维护“客观性”的机构性修辞人格,在意义的篇章生成、个体生成、种系生成过程中促成、维护并发展意识形态“同一”与“同体”。本章着重利用评价理论介入子系统中的“摘引”概念,以探索、描写和解释新闻话语的直接引语如何被用来评价、采取立场、建构文本人格和协调人际立场和关系、建立话语联盟或分离等。第七章以信息连贯为中心概念,讨论新闻话语篇章意义的修辞性实现。我们分别从“交际—认知”和“认识—价值”维度切入,一方面以信息性、冗余性和可及性为主要参数,阐述新闻话语如何支持传播者便捷地播撒所选择的信息及其所携带的评价意义的同时,使能受众以最小的认知努力获取最大的新信息量;另一方面挑战新闻语篇的线性信息连贯,提出我们所感知的连贯无不依托于特定的文化价值体系,因而实质上是一个“认识—价值”维度的信息格式塔。“交际—认知”维度的信息连贯作为喻体,与作为本体的“认识—价值”维度的信息达成连贯性上的“同一”。第八章纵观全文,扼要总结了所提出的主要观点,指出了本研究的紧迫现实指导意义和深远理论架构意义。一方面,本研究积极应对入世后外国传媒进入中国后带来的机遇和挑战,有效实现对社会符号语义场的意识形态建构与维护;为面向21世纪的英语新闻复合型专业教学的诸核心课程提供有效和可行的理论参照。另一方面,意义生产的系统功能修辞研究有利于阐明意义生产的主体互联性修辞实现,以及传媒话语与主导修辞范式的辨证关系。本文的创新点包括以下四个方面。1)阐述新闻话语如何以信息传评价、以概念促说服。新闻话语本质上是组织并发布信息的戏剧,是无须辩论而直抵说服的终极修辞的体现,并以其概念意义与评价意义、信息给予功能与说服功能的共生同体作为“结构了的结构性结构”推进功能性社会符号意义潜势的发展,在受主导修辞范式约束的同时亦构成其基石。2)建立新闻话语互文性意义生成的“修辞—评价”语义语用模式。通过对新闻话语直接引语的“修辞—评价”机制的剖析,本文不仅将现有的评价意义研究从“词汇—语法”层面推进到篇章层面,还论证了新闻话语中对话与多声的协商往往演变为在评价意义的指挥棒下的多声部有序合奏,在使能语义认知的同时实现语用控制。3)从信息连贯角度切入,提出新闻话语以“交际—认知”维度的信息连贯作为喻体,与作为本体的“认识—价值”维度的信息达成连贯性上的“同一”,使新闻话语以线性语言隐喻性地建构非线性现实,服务于构筑意识形态同体神话的动机。4)尝试形成新闻话语意义生成的系统功能修辞理论框架。本文遵循功能主义的语言哲学观,将伯克新修辞学的戏剧主义语言观与韩礼德的社会符号性质语言观相结合,借用韩礼德的“系统—功能”思想,将伯克新修辞学的动机论、戏剧五位一体话语行动观、“同一”概念、文字学等基本思想重新整合并安置进入一个层级系统中,形成一个以象征性同一之动机为核心,并依次以戏剧五位一体诸要素、术语规范/文字学、未知等外环层面共同构成的本体论与认识论、个体认知与社会图景、话语行动与语言符号、已知与未知共生的大连结体系统,阐述意义生成如何以象征性话语行动介入社会秩序的建构及人类生存图景的演化,为跨越更多语类的话语意义修辞性生产研究提供参照。
|
全文目录
Acknowledgements 4-6 Abstract 6-11 摘要 11-14 List of Figures and Tables 14-20 Chapter One Introduction 20-32 1.1 Overview 20-23 1.1.1 Rhetoric and Mass-Mediated Reality 20-21 1.1.2 Adjustment in Probes into Meaning 21-23 1.2 Research Objectives 23-27 1.2.1 To Account for the Rhetoric of Semogenesis in News Discourse 24 1.2.2 To Explore a Rhetoric of Reality through News Discourse 24-25 1.2.3 To Approach a Systemic-Functional Rhetoric of Semogenesis 25-27 1.3 Data Collection 27-28 1.4 Organization of the Dissertation 28-32 Chapter Two Literature Review 32-56 2.0 Introduction 32-33 2.1 News Discourse Analysis Abroad 33-43 2.1.1 News Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics and MDA 33-34 2.1.2 News Discourse Analysis in CDA 34-37 2.1.3 A Sociolinguistic Approach to News Discourse 37-38 2.1.4 A Socio-cognitive Approach to News Structure 38-39 2.1.5 Functional Analysis of Interdiscursivity of Media Language 39-40 2.1.6 News Discourse as a Rhetorical Device 40-41 2.1.7 News Discourse Analysis in Communication Studies 41-43 2.2 New Discourse Analysis at Home 43-46 2.2.1 Domestic News Discourse Analysis in Applied Linguistics and MDA 43 2.2.2 Domestic Study of News Discourse in CDA 43-45 2.2.3 Domestic Study of News Discourse in Rhetoric 45 2.2.4 Domestic Study of News Discourse in Communication Studies 45-46 2.3 Analysis of Literature 46-52 2.3.1 Major Achievements in News Discourse Analysis 46-48 2.3.2 Limitations of Present Research 48-52 2.3.2.1 The Na?ve Verbal Realism of MDA 48-49 2.3.2.2 The Obsession of Negative Deconstruction in CDA 49-51 2.3.2.3 The One-Sidedness in the Present Rhetorical Account 51 2.3.2.4 The Divergence of Research Goal in Communication Studies 51-52 2.4 The Mission Set for This Study 52-54 2.5 Summary 54-56 Chapter Three Theoretical Framework and Methodology 56-84 3.0 Introduction 56-57 3.1 Assumption and Hypotheses 57-64 3.1.1 Assumption: Language as Symbolic Action 57-60 3.1.1.1 Language as Symbolic 57-58 3.1.1.2 Language as Action 58-60 3.1.2 Macro-Hypothesis: A Systemic-Functional Rhetoric of Semogenesis in and through News Discourse 60-64 3.1.2.1 Hypothesis I: News Discourse Conveys Appraisal through Ideation, and Achieves Persuasion through Information 61 3.1.2.2 Hypothesis II: News Discourse Is the Structured Structuring Structure of the Socio-Semiotic Semantic Field 61-62 3.1.2.3 Hypothesis III: Semogenesis Realized through a Systemic-Functional Rhetoric 62-64 3.2 Theoretical Framework 64-80 3.2.1 The Burkean New Rhetoric 65-74 3.2.1.1 A Grammar of Motives: Dramatistic Pentad and Ratio 66-70 3.2.1.2 A Rhetoric of Motives: Identification and Consubstantiality 70-72 3.2.1.3 Studies in Logology: Terministic Screen and Logology 72-74 3.2.2 An Outline of the Hallidayan SFL 74-76 3.2.2.1 Potential and Realization 74-75 3.2.2.2 SFL as a Stratified Functional System 75-76 3.2.3 The APPRAISAL Theory 76-80 3.3 Methodology: (Critical) Discourse Analysis 80-82 3.3.1 Discourse Analysis 80-81 3.3.2 Critical Discourse Analysis 81-82 3.4 Summary 82-84 Chapter Four Adaptation and Reconstruction:News Discourse in and to Rhetorical Situation 84-117 4.0 Introduction 84 4.1 Context, Rhetoric and Truth 84-89 4.2 Contextual Traits Specific to News Discourse 89-93 4.2.1 The Existence of Exigence 90-91 4.2.2 The Frequent Absence of Immediate Context 91-92 4.2.3 The Perennial Presence of Socio-Cultural Context 92-93 4.3 News Discourse Adapting to Context 93-102 4.3.1 Contextual Construction of News Discourse 95-99 4.3.2 News Discourse in Light of the Here-and-Now 99-102 4.3.2.1 “Now ”as Temporal Deictic Center 99-101 4.3.2.2 “Here”as Cultural Deictic Center of Space 101-102 4.4 News Discourse Restructuring Context 102-110 4.4.1 News Discourse Framing Ideology 103-108 4.4.2 News Discourse Shaping Knowledge and Values 108-110 4.5 Text and Context: A Nexus of Discursive Practices 110-116 4.6 Summary 116-117 Chapter Five Through and of Terministic Screen:Ideational Realization of Semogenesis 117-154 5.0 Introduction 117 5.1 Transitivity in SFL Ideational Metafunction 117-123 5.2 A Critical Dramatistic-Pentadic Analysis of Ideational Realization in News Discourse 123-132 5.2.1 A Pentadic Analysis of Discourse Act Scheme 124-128 5.2.2 Pentad Overcoming Single Critical Vocabulary 128-132 5.3 Terministic Screen in the Burkean New Rhetoric 132-140 5.3.1 Nomenclature 134-136 5.3.2 Terministic Screen and Logology 136-140 5.4 Terministic Screen and News Discourse as Dialectical Duality 140-149 5.4.1 Rhetorical Construction of News Discourse through Terministic Screen 141-147 5.4.2 Terministic Screen Developed through News Discourse 147-149 5.5 Polysemy and Logomachy in News Discourse 149-153 5.5.1 Polysemy in News Discourse 149-151 5.5.2 Logomachy in News Discourse 151-153 5.6 Summary 153-154 Chapter Six Rhetoric-Appraisal:Interpersonal Realization of Semogenesis 154-186 6.0 Introduction 154 6.1 Interpersonal Construction of Validity in News 154-159 6.1.1 Major Resources for Realizing Interpersonal Meaning 154-156 6.1.2 Tackling Statement: Deconstruction and Reconstruction 156-158 6.1.3 Transformation: Nominalization and Passivization 158-159 6.2 Rhetoric-Appraisal Mechanism in News Discourse 159-175 6.2.1 ENGAGEMENT in the APPRAISAL Theory 159-161 6.2.2 Attribution Realized in Direct Speech 161-175 6.2.2.1 Popular Myth of Direct Speech 161-163 6.2.2.2 Direct Speech as Rhetorical Strategy 163-166 6.2.2.3 Direct Speech as Appraisal Device 166-167 6.2.2.4 Rhetoric-Appraisal Mechanism of Direct Speech 167-175 6.2.2.4.1 Appraisal Meaning Realized on the Clause Level 169-173 6.2.2.4.2 Appraisal Meaning Accumulated on the Discourse Level 173-175 6.3 Objectivity as Institutional Ethos 175-180 6.3.1 Objectivity Revisited 176-178 6.3.2 Objectivity Guaranteeing Institutional Ethos 178-180 6.4 The Prism of Objectivity, Appraisal and Identification 180-185 6.4.1 Appraisal and Identification as Means and Goal 180-181 6.4.2 Identification: The Way to Ideological Alignment and Social Cohesion 181-185 6.4.2.1 Identification through Recurrent Naming in Mass-Mediation 183 6.4.2.2 Identification through Narrative Perspective 183-185 6.5 Summary 185-186 Chapter Seven Coherence as Metaphor and Mystery:Textual Realization of Semogenesis 186-217 7.0 Introduction 186 7.1 Textual Realization of Rhetorical Construction 186-191 7.1.1 Characteristics of and Paradoxes in Information Structuring in News Text 188-191 7.1.1.1 Three Characteristics of Information Organizing in News Text 188-189 7.1.1.2 Four Dilemmas in Information Patterning in News Text 189-191 7.2 Toward A Multi-Dimensional Mode of Informational Coherence 191-208 7.2.1 Informational Coherence in the “Communication-Cognition”Dimension 193-200 7.2.1.1 Relative Self-Sufficiency of Information Package 193-196 7.2.1.1.1 Relative Self-Sufficiency of Information Package on the Lexico-Grammatical Plane 194-195 7.2.1.1.2 Relative Self-Sufficiency of Information Package on the Syntactic Plane 195-196 7.2.1.2 Logic Between and Among Information Packages 196-200 7.2.1.2.1 Local Coherence: Logic Between Information Packages 196-197 7.2.1.2.2 Global Coherence: Logic Among Information Packages 197-200 7.2.2 Information Coherence in the “Epistemology-Axiology” Dimension 200-208 7.2.2.1 New Information Versus Old Information 202-203 7.2.2.2 Foregrounded Information Versus Backgrounded Information 203-205 7.2.2.3 Explicated Information Versus Implicated Information 205-206 7.2.2.4 Acquired Information Versus Unknown Information 206-208 7.3 Collaboration of two dimensions of Coherence to Facilitate Logology 208-216 7.3.1 Informational Coherence as Metaphor 209-213 7.3.1.1 Vehicle: Informational Coherence in the “Communication-Cognition”Dimension 210-211 7.3.1.2 Tenor: Informational Coherence in the “Epistemology-Axiology”Dimension 211 7.3.1.3 The Metaphor of Informational Coherence to Facilitate Logology 211-213 7.3.2 Informational Coherence as Mystery 213-216 7.3.2.1 Coherence as a Mythological Construct 213-215 7.3.2.2 The Mystery of Informational Coherence to Facilitate Logology 215-216 7.4 Summary 216-217 Chapter Eight Conclusion 217-228 8.0 Introduction 217 8.1 Major Findings 217-221 8.1.1 News Discourse as a Motivated, Interested Persuasive Text 217-219 8.1.2 News Discourse as the Maintaining and Molding Force of Mainstream Rhetorical Paradigm 219-220 8.1.3 News Discourse Operating in a Systemic-Functional Rhetoric 220-221 8.2 Theoretical, Strategic and Pedagogical Contributions of the Study 221-225 8.2.1 Paradigm Shift in Meaning as Rhetorically Constructed 222-223 8.2.2 Strategic Significance in Guiding News Production and Dissemination 223-224 8.2.3 Pedagogical Insight for News Reading, News Writing and News Editing-Translating 224-225 8.3 Recommendations for Further Research 225-228 8.3.1 Corpus-Based Study of Rhetorical Construction of News Discourse 226 8.3.2 News Discourse in Receptive Rhetoric 226-228 Bibliography 228-240
|
相似论文
- 中国新闻话语六十年变迁,G219.29
- 英语广播新闻话语的语言学分析,H315
- 寓言意义成因的整合研究,I057
- 中国新闻奖通讯作品研究,G212
- 中美主流媒体关于中国六十周年国庆报道的批评性研究,H315
- 新闻话语对舆论导向研究,H052
- 新闻话语的意义建构:多模态话语分析,H052
- 视觉语法视角下的新闻语篇分析,H315
- 语文教学意义生成观研究,G633.3
- 论小说的空白艺术,I207.42
- 等级幽默意义成因的认知研究,H05
- 基于合作·关联·顺应模式的拒绝语研究,H030
- 叙事时间与文本意义的生成,I207.42
- 文本和文本解读,G633.33
- 《楚辞》双音词研究,H131
- 文化经典的建构与接受,I02
- 英语课堂教学互动研究,H319
- 文本的敞开与意义的转换,I207.22
- 论文学翻译的主体间性,H315.9
- 哲学诠释学视野下的中学语文阅读教学,G633.3
- 大众传播视阈中的大众文本研究,G206
中图分类: > 语言、文字 > 语言学 > 写作学与修辞学 > 文体论
© 2012 www.xueweilunwen.com
|