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口译中的长时记忆—提高长时记忆表现的策略

作　者: 张莉
导　师: 龚龙生
学　校: 上海外国语大学
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 认知长时记忆口译长时记忆的作用影响因素策略
分类号: H059
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2008年
下　载: 437次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

认知心理学兴起于上世纪五十年代,运用信息加工观点,主要研究感知觉、注意、表象、学习记忆、思维以及言语等心理过程或认知过程。认知心理学目前得到迅速发展,其研究成果已被运用于许多其他学科的研究,也包括口译的研究。本文从认知角度对口译中的长时记忆进行探讨,首先介绍了三个口译系统的运作方式,对其在口译中的特征进行归纳,接着对长时记忆在口译的作用进行探讨,指出长时记忆能够帮助译员识别新信息,促进理解,帮助对即将出现的信息进行预测,以及促进信息的产出。本文接着对影响长时记忆表现的因素进行了探讨,指出主要有六方面的因素会影响长时记忆的发挥,包括注意,理解、遗忘、笔记、图式以及心理因素。最后,作者介绍了几种可以促进长时记忆表现的策略,包括对长时记忆中的信息的经常刺激,对新信息进行相对深入的加工,熟练进行口译笔记,重述,以及建立相关图式。最后,作者引用一段新闻发布会的口译稿,对其进行分析以论证自己对口译中长时记忆的理解。本文尝试对口译中的长时记忆进行些许分析,希望能丰富对口译的记忆机制研究。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  4-8
Abstract  8-9
摘要  9-10
Chapter 1 Introduction  10-16
  1.1 The Relevance of Cognitive Psychology to Interpretation  10-11
  1.2 Memory Mechanism in Interpreting  11
  1.3 The Significance and Feasibility of the Present Study  11-14
  1.4 The Organization of this Thesis  14-16
Chapter 2 Memory Mechanism in Interpreting  16-27
  2.1 Three Memory Systems  16-21
    2.1.1 Sensory Store  17-18
    2.1.2 Short-term Memory  18-20
    2.1.3 Long-term Memory  20-21
    2.1.4 The Interrelations between Three Memory Systems  21
  2.2 Memory Systems in Interpreting  21-27
    2.2.1 The Three Memory Systems in Interpreting  21-22
    2.2.2 Nature of Memory in Interpreting  22-23
    2.2.3 Features of the Three Memory Systems in Interpreting  23-27
      2.2.3.1 Sensory Store: Attentive Memorizing  23
      2.2.3.2 Short-term Memory: Excellent Performance  23-26
      2.2.3.3 Long-term Memory: Database and Forgetting after Interpreting  26-27
Chapter 3 The Significance of Long-term Memory in Interpreting  27-46
  3.1 A Cognitive Study of Long-term Memory in Interpreting  27-30
    3.1.1 The Definition of Cognition  27
    3.1.2 Semantic Memory: a Long-term Memory  27-28
    3.1.3 Semantic Memory  28
    3.1.4 Collins and Quillian’s Network Model for Long-term Memory  28-30
  3.2 The Significance of Long-term Memory in Interpreting  30-46
    3.2.1 Recognizing the Input Information  30-35
      3.2.1.1 Bottom-up Processing  31-33
      3.2.1.2 Top-down Processing  33-35
    3.2.2 Facilitating Understanding  35-42
      3.2.2.1 Linguistic Knowledge: the Prerequisite for Comprehension  36-37
      3.2.2.2 Extra-linguistic Knowledge: Key for Comprehension  37-42
        3.2.2.2.1 Context  38-39
        3.2.2.2.2 Field and Encyclopedia Knowledge  39-40
        3.2.2.2.3 Cross-cultural awareness  40-42
    3.2.3 Aiding Anticipation  42-44
    3.2.4 Helping Production  44-46
Chapter 4 Factors Affecting Long-term Memory Performance & Strategies to Improve It  46-62
  4.1 Factors Affecting Long-term Memory Performance in Interpreting  46-54
    4.1.1 Attention  46-47
    4.1.2 Comprehension  47-49
      4.1.2.1 Definition  47
      4.1.2.2 Comprehension in Interpreting  47-49
    4.1.3 Forgetting  49-51
      4.1.3.1 Interference  50
      4.1.3.2 Retrieval  50-51
    4.1.4 Note-taking  51-53
      4.1.4.1 Necessity of Note-taking  51-52
      4.1.4.2 Features of Note-taking in Interpreting  52
      4.1.4.3 Basic Rules of Taking Notes in Interpreting  52-53
    4.1.5 Schema  53-54
    4.1.6 Psychological Factors  54
  4.2 Strategies to Improve Long-term Memory Performance  54-62
    4.2.1 Frequent Activation  55-56
    4.2.2 In-depth Processing  56-57
    4.2.3 Retelling  57-58
    4.2.4 Effective Note-taking  58-60
    4.2.5 Schema Construction  60-62
Chapter 5 Case Study  62-75
Chapter 6 Conclusion  75-77
Bibliography  77-80

口译中的长时记忆—提高长时记忆表现的策略

内容摘要

全文目录

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