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用户视角下英语高阶学习词典中百科信息的设置

作　者: 张慧峰
导　师: 田兵
学　校: 陕西师范大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 百科信息英语高阶学习词典心理表征激活扩散模型改进方法
分类号: H319
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2010年
下　载: 66次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

由于科技迅速发展,高科技产品和技术已融入大众生活,大量科技术语也成为日常用语。各学习词典尽管服务对象不同,但都会收录百科信息。词典真实地描述某一语言或几种语言。词典在记录语言时,除了要收录描述语言的信息外,还要收入描述客观世界的信息,也就是百科信息。词典是外语学习时的重要工具。词典编纂实践中,并没有统一标准来衡量收入百科信息的数量及方式。本文试图探究下列问题：1)百科信息在大脑中如何表征?2)各学习词典在对待百科信息方面有何特点?3)如何设置百科信息才能更好地帮助外语学习者,尤其是中国的外语学习者?为了达到上述研究目的,笔者从认识论出发探讨知识的表征结构,利用问卷调查了解英语学习者对百科信息的需求,并对“五巨头”学习词典处理百科信息方式比较。本文主要研究结果总结如下：首先,学习一门语言有必要学习该语言所反映的文化及相关百科信息,因此有必要在学习词典里收录百科信息。学习词典收录的百科信息是那些已经进入社会公共语言并稳定下来的词汇其次,问卷调查结果显示,多数受试者经常遇到或查询百科信息,而学习词典对百科信息的设置并不理想。问卷还反映出释义与例证相结合的方式更有助于外语学习。第三,比较发现,“五巨头”在处理百科信息时均存在不同程度的问题,主要表现在漏收、及不全面提供百科信息。以上结果说明学习词典处理百科信息方面存在不足。只有通过优化处理,才能更好的服务于中国外语学习者。基于本文测试结果,文章最后提出一个模式以优化百科信息的设置。该模式基于认知心理学理论,符合知识的心理表征结构,对学习词典处理百科信息提出四步走策略,并将释义与例证相结合以期望更好的帮助中国英语学习者。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  4-5
Abstract  5-7
摘要  7-13
Chapter 1 Introduction  13-19
  1.1 Rationale of the present study  13-14
  1.2 Current situation of relevant researches  14-15
    1.2.1 Current researches on learner's needs for encyclopedic information  14-15
    1.2.2 Current researches on strategies of encyclopedic information inclusion  15
    1.2.3 Existing insufficiencies  15
  1.3 Objective of the present study  15-16
  1.4 Research methodology  16-17
    1.4.1 Methodology of the present study  16
    1.4.2 Terminology of the present study  16-17
    1.4.3 Data of the present study  17
  1.5 Structure of the thesis  17-19
Chapter 2 Word Meaning:Linguistic and Encyclopedic Information  19-35
  2.1 Introduction  19
  2.2 Different types of dictionaries concerned  19-22
    2.2.1 General dictionary and specialized dictionary  19-21
    2.2.2 Language dictionary and pedagogical dictionary  21
    2.2.3 Learner's dictionary  21-22
    2.2.4 Encyclopedia and encyclopedic dictionary  22
  2.3 Working definition of encyclopedic information  22-25
    2.3.1 Encyclopedic entries  23-24
    2.3.2 Encyclopedic information  24-25
  2.4 Semantic Analysis of Word Meaning  25-29
    2.4.1 Semantic Triangle  25-26
    2.4.2 Referential Theory(Denotational theory)  26-27
    2.4.3 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions  27-28
    2.4.4 Family Resemblance  28-29
    2.4.5 Prototype Theory  29
  2.5 Changing of word meaning  29-31
    2.5.1 Conventionalization of word meaning  29-30
    2.5.2 Patterns of word meaning change  30-31
  2.6 Development of English vocabulary  31-34
    2.6.1 Rapid developments of science and technology  32
    2.6.2 Changes of society, economy, and politics  32
    2.6.3 Influences from other cultures and languages  32-33
    2.6.4 Modes of vocabulary development  33
    2.6.5 Differences and similarities  33-34
  2.7 Summary  34-35
Chapter 3 Encyclopedic Information in English Advanced Learner's Dictionary  35-47
  3.1 Introduction  35
  3.2 Significance  35-36
  3.3 Relation of linguistic and encyclopedic information  36-37
  3.4 The necessity to incorporate encyclopedic information into learner's dictionaries  37-40
    3.4.1 Needs from dictionary market  37-38
    3.4.2 Characteristics of native and foreign learners  38-39
    3.4.3 Needs from learners  39-40
  3.5 Encyclopedic information tradition in English learner's dictionary  40-42
    3.5.1 Encyclopedic information treatment in dictionaries of British tradition  40-41
    3.5.2 Encyclopedic information treatment in dictionaries of American tradition  41-42
  3.6 An empirical study  42-46
    3.6.1 Previous findings  42-43
    3.6.2 Purposes of the empirical study  43
    3.6.3 Design of the questionnaire  43
    3.6.4 Selection of informants  43-44
    3.6.5 Data analysis of the questionnaire  44-46
    3.6.6 Implications of the questionnaire  46
  3.7 Summary  46-47
Chapter 4 Main Strategies Used for Encyclopedic Information Treatment in English Advanced Learner's Dictionaries  47-55
  4.1 Introduction  47
  4.2 A Comparison of encyclopedic information treatment in the "Big Five"  47-51
    4.2.1 Subject scope of encyclopedic information included in the"Big Five"  47-50
    4.2.2 Cultural aspect of the encyclopedic information included in the "Big Five"  50
    4.2.3 Summary  50-51
  4.3 Encyclopedic words in the "Big Five"——A Case study  51-53
    4.3.1 Result of the comparison  51-52
    4.3.2 A case study of selected encyclopedic entries  52-53
  4.4 Summary  53-55
Chapter 5 A Proposed Model for Encyclopedic Information Treatment  55-65
  5.1 Introduction  55
  5.2 Theories on Spreading Activation Model  55-57
    5.2.1 Theory of Mental Lexicon"  55
    5.2.2 Theory of Spreading Activation Model  55-57
  5.3 A proposed model for encyclopedic information treatment  57-62
    5.3.1 Introduction  57-58
    5.3.2 Chief steps for the proposed model  58-62
  5.4 Summary  62-65
Chapter 6 Conclusion  65-69
  6.1 Major findings  65
  6.2 Implications of the present research  65-66
  6.3 Limitations of the present research  66
  6.4 Suggestions for furher research  66-69
附录  69-83
Bibliography  83-87
Papers Published During 2007-2010  87-88

用户视角下英语高阶学习词典中百科信息的设置

内容摘要

全文目录

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