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情景剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》言语幽默的语用分析

作　者: 姚凌云
导　师: 周树军
学　校: 江苏科技大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 言语幽默语用分析语用原则认知语境
分类号: H313
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2011年
下　载: 298次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

幽默作为一个多学科课题,一直受到哲学、心理学、文学、社会学、语言学、人类学等诸多领域的学者们关注。二十世纪八十年代后,随着语用学的发展,很多语言学家开始从语用学的角度重新阐释言语幽默现象。作为言语幽默的成功载体之一,情景喜剧随着信息全球化尤其是网络的应用而得到了广泛传播。本文选取美国当前热播情景剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》为研究对象,尝试对剧中的言语幽默作语用分析研究。本文在传统幽默研究理论如乖讹论、松弛论、优越论的基础上,结合语用学合作原则、礼貌原则、关联原则等,从幽默的产生和理解两个方面,对《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的言语幽默进行分析,探讨认知语境与幽默效果产生的关系,同时还对英语幽默中所体现出的其他语用特征,如指示语的指示转移、预设的取消等也进行了分析,以期能揭示英语言语幽默的深层结构及内在工作机制。本研究认为,情景剧剧本作家通过灵活的语用策略,如刻意让角色在交际中有意或无意地违反合作原则,违反或遵守礼貌原则,制造最大关联和最佳关联的差异等,导致说话者的主观意图与听话者/观众的客观理解之间的不一致,从而对交际效果施加影响,创造喜剧对话笑料,激发观众笑点;人们对言语幽默的理解首先取决于对话语/文字的字面意思的理解,其次需要理解语境,借助抽象思维,推断出在特定的语境下话语的特定含义。本研究不仅能够加强中国观众对于情景喜剧言语幽默的推理和欣赏能力,从而更好地理解、享受并使用幽默来促进言语交际,同时也可以帮助英语学习者进一步掌握语言内在规律,从而提高英语语言运用能力。本文共有六部分构成,第一章为引言,第二章至第三章为文章主题部分,第四章为结论部分。第二章为文献综述部分,概要介绍了言语幽默的定义,分类及其语用分析所依据的语用理论,如合作原则,礼貌原则和关联理论等,同时也简要回顾了幽默研究理论,重点介绍了近年来幽默的语用研究成果。第三章为本研究的核心部分,在传统幽默研究理论的基础上,结合现代语用学合作原则、礼貌原则、关联原则等,分别从幽默的产生和理解两个方面,对《老爸老妈浪漫史》中的言语幽默进行分析。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  5-6
Abstract (English)  6-8
Abstract (Chinese)  8-12
Chapter One Introduction  12-17
  1.1 The Rationale of the Study  12-13
  1.2 Research Methodology  13-15
    1.2.1 Research Procedure  13
    1.2.2 Data Description  13-15
  1.3 Framework of the Thesis  15-17
Chapter Two Literature Review  17-43
  2.1 Definition of Humor  17-22
  2.2 Classification of Humor  22-25
  2.3 Previous Studies on Humor  25-31
    2.3.1 Traditional Theories on Humor  25-29
      2.3.1.1 Superiority/Disparagement Theory  26
      2.3.1.2 Release/Relief Theory  26-27
      2.3.1.3 Incongruity Theory  27-29
    2.3.2 Modern Linguistic Theories on Humor  29-31
      2.3.2.1 The Semantic Script Theory of Humor (SSTH)  29-30
      2.3.2.2 The General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH)  30-31
      2.3.2.3 Audience-based Theory  31
  2.4 Conversational Implicature Theory  31-39
    2.4.1 Classic Gricean Conversational Implicature Theory  32-33
    2.4.2 Neo-Gricean Conversational Implicature Theory  33-39
      2.4.2.1 Politeness Principle  35-36
      2.4.2.2 Relevance Theory  36-39
  2.5 Pragmatic Studies on Humor  39-43
Chapter Three Pragmatic Exploration of Humor in How I Met Your Mother  43-85
  3.1 Cooperative Principle and Humor Production  43-66
    3.1.1 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Quantity  44-51
      3.1.1.1 Humor Produced by Inadequate Information  44-46
      3.1.1.2 Humor Produced by Excessive Information  46-51
    3.1.2 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Quality  51-52
    3.1.3 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Relation  52-54
      3.1.3.1 Unconscious Violation of the Maxim of Relation  52-53
      3.1.3.2 Deliberate Violation of the Maxim of Relation  53-54
    3.1.4 Humor Produced by Violating the Maxim of Manner  54-66
      3.1.4.1 Humor Produced by Flexible Use of Deixis  55-59
      3.1.4.2 Humor Produced by Tactful Use of Presupposition  59-66
  3.2 Politeness Principle and Humor Production  66-75
    3.2.1 Humor Produced by Flouting the Politeness Principle  66-72
      3.2.1.1 Humor Produced by Flouting the Tact Maxim  66-67
      3.2.1.2 Humor Produced by Flouting the Generosity Maxim  67-69
      3.2.1.3 Humor Produced by Flouting the Approbation Maxim  69-70
      3.2.1.4 Humor Produced by Flouting the Modesty Maxim  70
      3.2.1.5 Humor Produced by Flouting the Agreement Maxim  70-71
      3.2.1.6 Humor Produced by Flouting the Sympathy Maxim  71-72
    3.2.2 Humor Produced by Abiding the Politeness Principle  72-75
  3.3 Relevance Theory and Humor Perception  75-85
    3.3.1 Socio-cultural Knowledge and the Humor Perception  78-81
    3.3.2 Cognitive Context and the Humor Perception  81-85
Chapter Four Conclusion  85-89
  4.1 Summary of the Study  85-86
  4.2 Limitations of the Study  86-87
  4.3 Suggestions and Implications for Further Study  87-89
Bibliography  89-93

情景剧《老爸老妈浪漫史》言语幽默的语用分析

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全文目录

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