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类典型理论及其意义
作 者: 陈文荣
导 师: 陈维振
学 校: 福建师范大学
专 业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 类典型 范畴 家族相似性 模糊性
分类号: H0
类 型: 硕士论文
年 份: 2004年
下 载: 381次
引 用: 2次
阅 读: 论文下载
内容摘要
类典型理论是范畴在认知语言学的全新运用。本文在讨论了传统的范畴观及范畴化的类典型理论之后,得出了类典型理论能够解释传统理论所不能解释的自然现象和语言现象的结论,并说明了这一新型的范畴观给语言各个层面的研究所带来的影响。作者从语义学的角度讨论了类典型理论运用到语义研究上所取得的成果,指出这些成果的应用前景,包括对词典编撰学的可能应用前景。另一方面,作者还从词法、句法和音位等角度探讨类典型理论对语言结构研究的影响。在对比了对周围世界的范畴化和对语言本身的范畴化的方式后,作者认为人类在概念范畴与语言形式范畴的结构之间有许多相似之处,并最终提出应按真实世界中实体分析的方法来研究语言的观点。
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全文目录
类典型理论及其意义(内容提要) 2-3 On Prototype Theory and Its Significance (ABSTRACT) 3-2 中文摘要 2-6 Synopsis 6-9 Contents 9-12 Acknowledgements 12-13 Introduction 13-15 Chapter One Birth and Development of 'Prototype Theory' 15-29 1.1 The classical view of category 15-16 1.1.1 The concept of 'category' 15 1.1.2 The Aristotelian view of category and its assumptions 15-16 1.2 The modern view of category-prototype theory 16-29 1.2.1 Wittgenstein and 'family resemblance' 16-17 1.2.2 More evidence for 'family resemblance' 17-18 1.2.3 Pros and cons of'family resemblance' 18 1.2.3.1 Significance of 'family resemblance' 18 1.2.3.2 Some problems of 'family resemblance' 18 1.2.4 Properties of'prototype category' 18-19 1.2.5 Basic-level categories 19-23 1.2.5.1 Hierarchical categories 19-20 1.2.5.2 Brown's first level 20-21 1.2.5.3 Berlin and Kay's research on color categories 21-22 1.2.5.3.1 Basic color terms 21-22 1.2.5.3.2 What is determinant of focal colors 22 1.2.5.4 Brent Berlin and Floyd Lounsbury 22 1.2.5.5 Status of basic-level categories and why 22-23 1.2.6 Basic knowledge about 'prototypes' 23-25 1.2.6.2 The sources of prototypes 23-24 1.2.6.3 Two ways to understand prototypes 24 1.2.6.4 The structure of prototypes 24-25 1.2.7 Relationship between classical category theory and prototypical category theory 25-26 1.2.7.1 Reassessment of the classical view 25-26 1.2.7.2 The place where the two theories mesh in 26 1.2.8 Prototypicality under the contextual pressure 26-29 1.2.8.1 Extendable boundaries of category 27 1.2.8.2 The function of fuzziness on boundaries 27-29 Chapter Two Usefulness of Prototypes 29-31 2.1 Prototypes in conceptual categories 29 2.2 Categorization in language 29-31 Chapter Three Polysemous Categories 31-39 3.1 Category extension 31-32 3.1.1 Motivation of category extension 31 3.1.2 Metaphor and metonymy 31-32 3.1.3 Kinds of domains and schemas 32 3.2 Polysemy 32-36 3.2.1 What is polysemy 32 3.2.2 Polysemy in Austin's way 32-33 3.2.3 Polysemy in lexical items 33-34 3.2.4 Polysemy in non-lexical categories 34-36 3.2.4.1 Polysemy in morphosyntax 35 3.2.4.2 Polysemy in sentence types 35-36 3.3 Categories of linguistic forms 36-39 3.3.1 Grammatical categories 36-37 3.3.1.1 Prototype categories of words, affixes and clitics 36-37 3.3.1.2 Prototype categories of parts of speech 37 3.3.2 Categories in phonology 37-39 Chapter Four Application of Prototype Theory to Lexicography 39-44 4.1 Definition in lexicography 39 4.2 Componential Analysis 39-40 4.3 How do ICMs function 40-41 4.4 Considerations in defining a category 41-44 Chapter Five The Acquisition of Categories 44-46 5.1 Two proposed models of category acquisition 44-46 5.1.1 Classical model of acquisition 44 5.1.2 Prototypical model of acquisition 44-46 5.1.2.1 Some related experiments 44-45 5.1.2.2 Prototypical model of acquisition 45-46 Conclusion 46-48 Bibliography 48-49
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