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动植物卫生检疫措施对发展中国家农业出口的影响

作　者: 吴静姝
导　师: 孙宁
学　校: 东北财经大学
专　业: 国际贸易学
关键词: WTO SPS措施农产品出口发展中国家
分类号: F746
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2003年
下　载: 183次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

随着世界贸易自由化的发展，农业多边谈判已经成为关注的焦点。在农业自由化的进程中，世界贸易组织(WTO)正积极促进各国开放农业市场，降低关税，减少高额补贴，以及农产品公平贸易。然而，各国的国内政策仍然影响着农产品进出口贸易的发展。随着多边和双边谈判有效地拆除了传统的关税、数量限制等贸易壁垒，非关税壁垒形式，特别是发达国家严格的动植物卫生检疫(SPS)措施，日益引起各国的关注。动植物卫生检疫措施可以通过标准、法规或直接限制进口等方式保护本国动植物的安全。由于它并不像关税和配额那样明显，因而很容易成为一种隐性的贸易壁垒。各国通过制定较高的卫生标准，复杂的检疫程序，使进口产品承受更大的成本和费用，这样就无形中保护本国农业市场。乌拉圭回合之后，世界贸易组织制定了《关于实施动植物卫生检疫措施的协议》(SPS协议)。这个协议表明，为了保障动植物的健康和安全，实施动植物检疫制度是必需的，但更强调要将动植物检疫对贸易的不利影响降到最低程度，它不应构成对国际贸易的变相限制。协议中考虑到发展中国家的困难，相应制定了一些特殊待遇条款。本文旨在探讨动植物卫生检疫方面的措施对发展中国家农产品出口的影响，提出发展中国家应对困难的方法和对策。本文共分七部分。第一章介绍目前国际经济中农产品贸易受到SPS措施影响的概况以及存在的争议。第二章探讨SPS这种非关税贸易壁垒形式。第三章分析发展中国家在应对SPS措施时遇到的困难。第四章介绍WTO框架下的SPS协议，并探讨该协议带给发展中国家的支持和挑战。第五章从发展中国家的角度出发，得出应对SPS措施的方法和建议。第六章特别地针对中国农业出口的情况，借鉴上文中探讨的发展中国家所遇到的问题和应对建议，探寻中国农业出口应对SPS措施的方法，使中国农业尽快熟悉WTO的规则，增强农业产品安全，规避技术性贸易壁垒。第七章总结全文。

全文目录

ABSTRACT  4-6
内容提要  6-7
CONTENT  7-10
CHAPTER 1 Introduction  10-14
CHAPTER 2 SPS Measures as Barriers to Trade  14-26
  2.1 What are SPS Measures?  14-16
  2.2 The Two Sides of SPS Measures  16-18
  2.3 Why SPS Measures Matter to Developing Countries?  18-20
    2.3.1 Increasing concerns over SPS measure  18-19
    2.3.2 High dependence of developing countries on agricultural export  19-20
  2.4 Issues Arising from SPS Measures-Case Studies  20-26
CHAPTER 3 Problems Encountered by Developing Countries Due to SPS Measures  26-37
  3.1 Problems Caused by External Factors  27-29
    3.1.1 Insufficient Access to compliance resource  27-28
    3.1.2 Insufficient time for Compliance period  28-29
  3.2 Problems Resulted from Domestic Conditions  29-35
    3.2.1 Slow response by governments and private institutions  29
    3.2.2 Poor access to productive assets  29-31
    3.2.3 Poor physical infrastructure  31-32
    3.2.4 Lack of training and education  32-33
    3.2.5 Non-Existence of Complete Internal Regulations  33-35
  3.3 Extended Implications of SPS Measures for Developing Countries  35-37
    3.3.1 Economic dependence of developing countries on developed market  35
    3.3.2 Quality of products on domestic markets  35-36
    3.3.3 Enhanced export potential  36-37
CHAPTER 4 The WTO's SPS Agreement  37-50
  4.1 The Aim of the SPS Agreement  37-38
  4.2 Main Principles of SPS Agreement  38-40
  4.3 Provisions Related to Developing Countries  40-41
  4.4 Potential Benefits of SPS Agreement to Developing Countries  41-42
  4.5 Challenges Faced by Developing Countries in the Implementation of the SPS Agreement  42-50
    4.5.1 Participation of developing countries in standards setting  43-44
    4.5.2 Capacity problems and compliance costs  44-46
    4.5.3 Mutual Recognition Agreements  46-47
    4.5.4 Precautionary Principle  47-48
    4.5.5 New challenges arising from environmental standards  48-50
CHAPTER 5 Suggestions on the Solutions to the Problems  50-60
  5.1 Appeal to the Revision of International SPS Mechanism  50-52
    5.1.1 Revision of transparency mechanisms  50-51
    5.1.2 Thorough Consideration on Part of Developing Countries  51-52
  5.2 Necessary Assistance from Developed Countries  52-54
    5.2.1 Technical assistance  52-53
    5.2.2 Legal and scientific assistance  53-54
  5.3 Reform of Domestic Mechanism  54-60
    5.3.1 Adjust domestic investing policy and regulation structure  54-55
    5.3.2 Harmonization of the SPS system  55-56
    5.3.3 Active participation of regional co-operation  56-60
CHAPTER 6 Special Consideration for China  60-72
  6.1 The Rapid Growth of China Agriculture  60-61
  6.2 Benefits and Challenges from WTO membership  61-64
    6.2.1 Key provisions of China's agreement for WTO membership  61-63
    6.2.2 Benefits from the access to WTO  63
    6.2.3 Challenges and expected changes to China's agriculture  63-64
  6.3 SPS Issues in China's Agricultural Export  64-67
  6.4 Implication to China's Agricultural Export Sector  67-72
CHAPTER 7 Conclusions  72-75
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  75-76
REFERENCES  76-79

动植物卫生检疫措施对发展中国家农业出口的影响

内容摘要

全文目录

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